Genetic alteration of mRNA editing enzyme APOBEC3B in the pathogenesis of ovarian endometriosis.

Research Question: What are the specific genetic alterations and associated network in endometriotic cells responsible for the disease pathogenesis?

Design: Case control experimental study involving 45 women with endometriosis who underwent laparoscopic surgery (case) and 45 normal samples from women undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy (control). The endometrial samples were subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES) of endometriotic tissue and copy number variation analysis. Validation of gene hits were obtained from WES using polymerase chain reaction techniques, immunological techniques, in-silico tools and transgenic cell line models.

Radiological response of non-specific granulomatous mastitis to anti-tuberculous treatment: A single centre study in an endemic nation.

Background: Tuberculous mastitis (TBM), is an uncommon form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Clinical and radiological overlap of tuberculous mastitis with malignancy and other granulomatous conditions, along with its paucibacillary nature, make it a diagnostic challenge. In our study, we aim to assess the radiological response of microbiologically negative granulomatous mastitis cases to anti-tuberculous treatment (ATT) in an endemic country.

Expression of cell surface zinc transporter LIV1 in triple negative breast cancer is an indicator of poor prognosis and therapy failure.

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are an aggressive molecular subtype of breast carcinoma (BC) identified by the lack of receptor expression for estrogen, progesterone, & human epidermal growth factor receptor-2. Lack of tangible drug targets warrants further research in TNBC. LIV1, is a zinc (Zn) transporter known to be overexpressed in few cancer types including BCs.

Exploring the Relationship Between CD 166 Expression and Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) Scores in Breast Cancer Patients and Healthy Volunteers.

Background: This research embarked on a crucial endeavor to clarify the connection between levels of CD166 expression and the established Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) grading system. Through a comprehensive exploration of this correlation, the objective was to ascertain if CD166 could function as an additional biomarker, enhancing the predictive effectiveness of the BI-RADS classification.

Method: This prospective observational study involved 81 women with histopathologically confirmed early breast tumors and 81 radiologically confirmed healthy breast volunteers.

Comparison of p63 immunohistochemistry and shear wave elastography in the diagnosis of indeterminate breast lesions: A prospective study.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of breast shear wave elastography (SWE) and p63 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the diagnosis of indeterminate breast lesions.

Methods: Based on detailed clinical examination and a combination of X-ray mammography/B-mode ultrasound with SWE, a total of 40 patients with breast lumps (BI-RADS 4) were included. Patients with previous diagnosis of breast cancer and a previous history of surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy in the same breast as the present lesion were excluded.

Imaging and pathological discordance amongst the plethora of breast lesions in breast biopsies.

Introduction: Imaging-guided breast tissue biopsy has become an acceptable alternative to open surgical biopsy for nonpalpable breast lesions. Discussion of abnormal results of the correlation between imaging and pathological findings can be very challenging as it can assist in decision-making with regard to the further treatment options by arriving at a comprehensive diagnosis.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective study.

Molecular dysregulations underlying the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a crippling disease characterized by the presence of endometrium-like tissue or scar outside the uterine cavity, commonly confined to the peritoneal and serosal surfaces of the pelvic organs. 10-15% of women in reproductive age are estimated to be affected by endometriosis. Most of these patients present with infertility and suffer from pelvic pain.

Wired for Surgical Success: Our Experience with Preoperative Ultrasound-Guided Wire Localization of Impalpable Breast Lesions.

 The purpose of this study was to review our experience with preoperative ultrasound-guided wire localization and to identify our rate of successful localization and subsequent excision.  At our institution, we performed preoperative wire localization for 28 impalpable breast lesions in 27 women (1 patient underwent wire localization for bilateral breast lesions), between April 2016 and August 2019. We used a Toshiba APLIO2 ultrasound machine and a linear probe (7-12 MHz) to visualize lesions and needle-wire systems comprising a 20-gauge needle with preloaded wire to localize lesions.

MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery: A novel non-invasive technique in the treatment of adenomyosis -18 month's follow-up of 12 cases.

Background: Adenomyosis is a gynecological condition of the uterus, characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue in the myometrium. Hysterectomy, uterine artery embolization, and endometrial ablation therapy are the various surgical treatment options available for adenomyosis. A novel and globally upcoming technique is MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery "MRgFUS," which is a promising non-invasive surgical treatment option.

Bilateral mammary Paget disease in a young adult female.

Mammary Paget disease is an uncommon malignancy of the breast that presents with ulceration or eczema of the nipple and is almost always associated with an underlying breast carcinoma. This disease is most commonly seen in the fifth and sixth decades of life and is almost always unilateral. The diagnosis of mammary Paget disease is generally based on clinical findings, confirmed by histopathologic examination.

Efficacy of Dipeptide-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles in Lung Cancer Models Under Pulsed Electromagnetic Field.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths and the overall 5-year survival rate is less than 17%. Hyperthermia is an alternative approach for the treatment of lung cancer and is associated with fewer side effects. We employed ironoxide nanoparticles in inducing localized hyperthermia in lung cancer cells using a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF).

Back to Basics - 'Must Know' Classical Signs in Thoracic Radiology.

There are a few signs in radiology which are based on many common objects or patterns that we come across in our routine lives. The objective behind the association between such common objects and the corresponding pathologies is to make the reader understand and remember the disease process. These signs do not necessarily indicate a particular disease, but are usually suggestive of a group of similar pathologies which will facilitate in the narrowing down of the differential diagnosis.

Internal hernias: surgeons dilemma-unravelled by imaging.

Internal hernias may present as intestinal obstruction and account for 0.5 to 4.1 % of all cases.

Atypical presentation of gastrointestinal stromal tumours-a case report.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are benign mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Their clinical presentations are variable. We report a case of a 31-year-old man who presented with pain in the abdomen and vomiting.

Pictorial essay: Anatomical variations of paranasal sinuses on multidetector computed tomography-How does it help FESS surgeons?

With the advent of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), imaging of paranasal sinuses prior to functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has become mandatory. Multiplanar imaging, particularly coronal reformations, offers precise information regarding the anatomy of the sinuses and its variations, which is an essential requisite before surgery.

Diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice multidetector computed tomography in evaluation of post-coronary artery bypass grafts in correlation with invasive coronary angiography.

64-slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) allows more reliable and non-invasive evaluation of the coronary artery bypass grafts for occlusion or stenosis both in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and also progression of disease in native coronary vessels.

Fused supernumerary kidney.

A partially fused supernumerary kidney with bifid ureters was diagnosed in a 35-year-old female patient using ultrasound and triple-phased computed tomography (CT). The CT also revealed two separate renal arteries supplying each of the left kidney and multiple left renal veins, forming a common trunk to drain into the inferior vena cava. Supernumerary kidney is a rare congenital anomaly; fewer than 100 cases have been reported over the years.

Hydatid cyst: Anywhere, everywhere.

Hydatid cyst is a parasitic infection that primarily affects the liver but which can be found anywhere in the body. This case involves spontaneous dissemination of hydatid cyst disease, a rare occurrence in the absence of any intervention or trauma.

Case report: Perinephric lymphangiomatosis.

Perirenal lymphangiomatosis is a rare benign malformation of the lymphatic system. We report here a case of bilateral perirenal and parapelvic involvement with a normal excretory collecting system.

Role of biplane digital subtraction angiography, and 3D rotational angiography in craniopagus twins: A case report, detailed pictorial evaluation, and review of literature.

Cranially conjoined twins (craniopagus) are regarded as one of the rarest human malformations. Craniopagus represents 2 to 6% of conjoined twins and is the rarest type of disorder. A conventional angiogram with three dimensions is needed to confirm the exact extent of sharing of the arterial / venous tree.

Ultrasound versus MRI in the diagnosis of fetal head and trunk anomalies.

Objective: To compare antenatal sonography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of fetal head and trunk anomalies.

Methods: Forty pregnant women with fetal anomalies on ultrasound (US) examination underwent MRI. The MR examination was done by a radiologist who was provided with the US data.