A Brain Reward Circuit Inhibited By Next-Generation Weight Loss Drugs.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) effectively reduce body weight and improve metabolic outcomes, yet established peptide-based therapies require injections and complex manufacturing. Small-molecule GLP1RAs promise oral bioavailability and scalable manufacturing, but their selective binding to human versus rodent receptors has limited mechanistic studies. The neural circuits through which these emerging therapeutics modulate feeding behavior remain undefined, particularly in comparison to established peptide-based GLP1RAs.

Bias in obtaining broad consent in a German general practice? - Preliminary results from a cross-sectional study.

Background: The growing importance of collecting Broad Consent (BC) for research utilizing electronic health records in Germany has brought attention to the need for a deeper understanding of potential selection bias in the process. Since 2020, the BeoNet-Halle outpatient database has been collecting anonymous and pseudonymous patient data from primary care and specialty practices throughout Germany, with the practice being an integral part of this data collection effort. The primary objective of the pilot study is to explore potential socioeconomic discrepancies between patients who provided BC and the general practice population.

Parvalbumin interneuron impairment causes synaptic transmission deficits and seizures in SCN8A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.

SCN8A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) is a severe epilepsy syndrome resulting from mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.6, encoded by the gene SCN8A. Nav1.

Saxon Epidemiological Study in General Practice-6 (SESAM-6): protocol of a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: General practitioners (GPs) are mostly the first point of contact for patients with health problems in Germany. There is only a limited epidemiological overview data that describe the GP consultation hours based on other than billing data. Therefore, the aim of Saxon Epidemiological Study in General Practice-6 (SESAM-6) is to examine the frequency of reasons for encounter, prevalence of long-term diagnosed diseases and diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in general practice.

Usability and User Experience of an mHealth App for Therapy Support of Patients With Breast Cancer: Mixed Methods Study Using Eye Tracking.

Background: Early identification of quality of life (QoL) loss and side effects is a key challenge in breast cancer therapy. Digital tools can be helpful components of therapeutic support. Enable, a smartphone app, was used in a multicenter, prospective randomized controlled trial in 3 breast cancer centers.

Factors promoting willingness to practice medicine in rural regions and awareness of rural regions in the university's catchment area - cross-sectional survey among medical students in central Germany.

Aim: Many universities offer rural medical internships for medical students. The present survey was designed to show how rural medical work is perceived by students, whether these perceptions are associated with origin and previous experience, and how well medical students know rural regions in the vicinity of their university. In addition, students were asked how to support and inspire medical students to later work in a rural region.

Integrated halide perovskite photoelectrochemical cells with solar-driven water-splitting efficiency of 20.8.

Achieving high solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency concomitant with long-term durability using low-cost, scalable photo-absorbers is a long-standing challenge. Here we report the design and fabrication of a conductive adhesive-barrier (CAB) that translates >99% of photoelectric power to chemical reactions. The CAB enables halide perovskite-based photoelectrochemical cells with two different architectures that exhibit record STH efficiencies.

Machine learning and patient-reported outcomes for longitudinal monitoring of disease progression in metastatic breast cancer: a multicenter, retrospective analysis.

Background: Assessments of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) play an important role in transition to palliative care for women with metastatic breast cancer. We developed machine learning (ML) algorithms to analyse longitudinal HRQoL data and identify patients who may benefit from palliative care due to disease progression.

Methods: We recruited patients from two institutions and administered the EuroQoL Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS) via an online platform over a 6-month period.

Cut-off Analysis of HLA-A and HLA-B/C Expression as a Potential Prognosticator of Favorable Survival in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Background/aim: Loss of differentiation of breast cancer cells in association with a down-regulated class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression can lead to proliferation unhampered by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which has been proven to be of prognostic relevance. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of HLA-A and HLA-B/C expression in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) cells and their usefulness for predicting 5-year survival.

Materials And Methods: This prospective double-blinded cohort study analyzed patients starting a new line of therapy for MBC.

Detection and Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells from Breast Cancer Patients Using CUB Domain-Containing Protein 1.

In cancer metastasis, single circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow mediate cancer metastasis. Because suitable biomarker proteins are lacking, CTCs and DTCs with mesenchymal attributes are difficult to isolate from the bulk of normal blood cells. To establish a procedure allowing the isolation of such cells, we analyzed the cell line BC-M1 established from DTCs in the bone marrow of a breast cancer patient by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and mass spectrometry.

Identifying patients with psychosocial problems in general practice: A scoping review.

Objective: We conducted a scoping review with the aim of comprehensively investigating what tools or methods have been examined in general practice research that capture a wide range of psychosocial problems (PSPs) and serve to identify patients and highlight their characteristics.

Methods: We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews and the on scoping reviews. A systematic search was conducted in four electronic databases (Medline [Ovid], Web of Science Core Collection, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library) for quantitative and qualitative studies in English, Spanish, French, and German with no time limit.

[Primary care of Ukrainian refugees].

Background: Since the beginning of the war in Ukraine, more than 7.6 million people from Ukraine have been registered as refugees in European countries. In Germany, the number is estimated to be more than 1 million.

Impact of age on indication for chemotherapy in early breast cancer patients: results from 104 German institutions from 2008 to 2017.

Purpose: Today, the decision to treat patients with chemotherapy for early breast cancer (EBC) is made based on the patient's individual risk stratification and tumor biology. In cases with chemotherapy indication, the neoadjuvant application (NACT) is the preferred option in comparison with primary surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). Age remains a relevant factor in the decision-making process.

When and why do medical students drop out of extracurricular longitudinal general practice tracks? A cross-sectional study from two German medical faculties.

Objectives: To explore when and why undergraduate medical students drop out of longitudinal extracurricular general practice (GP) tracks and to describe their future career plans.

Design: Cross-sectional online survey and descriptive analysis of routine data.

Setting: GP tracks at two German medical faculties, data collection took place between September 2020 and April 2021.

Long-term mentoring relationships in undergraduate longitudinal general practice tracks - a qualitative study on the perspective of students and general practitioners.

Background: Longitudinal general practice tracks have been established in medical faculties in Europe and worldwide to attract more graduates to general practice careers. In many programs, long-term mentoring relationships play an important role in providing students with positive role models, regular practical experiences, and acquisition of clinical skills in a community context. However, little is known about students' and general practitioner mentors' expectations, experiences, challenges, and ideas for improvement within these long-term mentoring relationships in general practice in our medical education system.

Walking a mile in Grandma's shoes - medical students' evaluation of a very simple online aging game to enhance their understanding of older patients.

Background: Aging simulation games are established educational interventions to make older patients' perspectives noticeable, raise awareness about their needs, and positively influence attitudes toward older adults. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions imposed on education, we replaced a classroom-based aging simulation course with a simple online equivalent. This consisted of short introductory screencasts, four downloadable Portable Document Format (PDF) files containing issue-specific audio and video links, quizzes, case studies, and prompts for reflection.

Circulating miR-200 Family and CTCs in Metastatic Breast Cancer before, during, and after a New Line of Systemic Treatment.

The extracellular circulating microRNA (miR)-200 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and, thus, plays an essential role in the metastatic cascade and has shown itself to be a promising prognostic and predictive biomarker in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Expression levels of the plasma miR-200 family were analyzed in relationship to systemic treatment, circulating tumor cells (CTC) count, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Expression of miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141, and miR-429, and CTC status (CTC-positive ≥ 5 CTC/7.

Predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio in neoadjuvant-treated patients with breast cancer.

Purpose: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy among women and prognosis is strongly influenced by tumor subtype. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the standard treatment for both locally advanced- and early-stage triple-negative and Her2-positive BC. Pathologic complete response (pCR) to NAC is an important predictor of patient outcomes.

General practitioners' willingness to participate in research networks in Germany.

Objectives: To investigate general practitioners' (GPs') willingness to participate in long-term medical research and in research networks (RNs).

Design And Setting: Cross-sectional survey among German GPs around Halle-Wittenberg and Leipzig in 2020.

Subjects: Random sample of 905 GPs.

Failure Modes of Platinized pn-GaInP Photocathodes for Solar-Driven H Evolution.

The long-term stability for the hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER) of homojunction pn-GaInP photocathodes (band gap = 1.8 eV) with an electrodeposited Pt catalyst (pn-GaInP/Pt) has been systematically evaluated in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. Electrode dissolution during chronoamperometry was correlated with changes over time in the current density-potential (-) behavior to reveal the underlying failure mechanism.