Radiomics for differentiation of somatic mutation on CT scans of patients with pleural mesothelioma.

Purpose: The BRCA1-associated protein 1 () gene is of great interest because somatic () mutations are the most common alteration associated with pleural mesothelioma (PM). Further, germline mutation of the gene has been linked to the development of PM. This study aimed to explore the potential of radiomics on computed tomography scans to identify somatic gene mutations and assess the feasibility of radiomics in future research in identifying germline mutations.

Multiparametric MRI as a Predictor of PSA Response in Patients Undergoing Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: To maximize the therapeutic ratio, it is important to identify adverse prognostic features in men with prostate cancer, especially among those with intermediate risk disease, which represents a heterogeneous group. These men may benefit from treatment intensification. Prior studies have shown pretreatment mpMRI may predict biochemical failure in patients with intermediate and/or high-risk prostate cancer undergoing conventionally fractionated external beam radiation therapy and/or brachytherapy.

Nonlinear dynamics and quantum chaos of a family of kicked p-spin models.

We introduce kicked p-spin models describing a family of transverse Ising-like models for an ensemble of spin-1/2 particles with all-to-all p-body interaction terms occurring periodically in time as delta-kicks. This is the natural generalization of the well-studied quantum kicked top (p=2) [Haake, Kuś, and Scharf, Z. Phys.

Telemedicine in management of genitourinary malignancies: Patient and physician perspectives.

Purpose: The rapid expansion of telemedicine has presented a challenge for the care of patients with genitourinary malignancies. We sought to assess patient and physician perspectives on the use of telemedicine for genitourinary cancer care.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study of patients who had telemedicine visits with urology, medical oncology, or radiation oncology for management of genitourinary malignancies from July-August 2020.

Dosimetric feasibility of neurovascular bundle-sparing stereotactic body radiotherapy with periprostatic hydrogel spacer for localized prostate cancer to preserve erectile function.

Objective: We aim to test the hypothesis that neurovascular bundle (NVB) displacement by rectal hydrogel spacer combined with NVB delineation as an organ at risk (OAR) is a feasible method for NVB-sparing stereotactic body radiotherapy.

Methods: Thirty-five men with low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer who underwent rectal hydrogel spacer placement and pre-, post-spacer prostate MRI studies were treated with prostate SBRT (36.25 Gy in five fractions).

Small, Highly Accurate Quantum Processor for Intermediate-Depth Quantum Simulations.

Analog quantum simulation is widely considered a step on the path to fault tolerant quantum computation. With current noisy hardware, the accuracy of an analog simulator will degrade after just a few time steps, especially when simulating complex systems likely to exhibit quantum chaos. Here we describe a quantum simulator based on the combined electron-nuclear spins of individual Cs atoms, and its use to run high fidelity simulations of three different model Hamiltonians for >100 time steps.

Primary Episcleral Melanoma Consistent with Uveal Melanoma Mutations Treated by Excision and Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery.

Ocular melanocytosis has traditionally been associated with increased risk of developing uveal melanoma; however, rarely primary episcleral melanoma has been reported in the literature. Herein, we present the third case of primary episcleral melanoma treated by complete excision and cryotherapy. In contrast to previous cases, we obtained molecular genetic testing which revealed a GNA-11 mutation, and gene expression profiling resulted in a Class 2 PRAME positive tumor diagnosis.

Simulating Nonlinear Dynamics of Collective Spins via Quantum Measurement and Feedback.

We study a method to simulate quantum many-body dynamics of spin ensembles using measurement-based feedback. By performing a weak collective measurement on a large ensemble of two-level quantum systems and applying global rotations conditioned on the measurement outcome, one can simulate the dynamics of a mean-field quantum kicked top, a standard paradigm of quantum chaos. We analytically show that there exists a regime in which individual quantum trajectories adequately recover the classical limit, and show the transition between noisy quantum dynamics to full deterministic chaos described by classical Lyapunov exponents.

Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Urinary Bladder Is a Glycogen-Rich Tumor with Poorer Prognosis.

Clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare variant of urinary bladder carcinoma with a glycogen-rich phenotype and unknown prognosis. Using the National Cancer Institute's surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) program database, we documented recent trends in incidence, mortality, demographical characteristics, and survival on this rare subtype of urinary bladder cancer. The overall age-adjusted incidence and mortality of CCA was 0.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy with periprostatic hydrogel spacer for localized prostate cancer: toxicity profile and early oncologic outcomes.

Background: Multiple phase I-II clinical trials have reported on the efficacy and safety of prostate stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for the treatment of prostate cancer. However, few have reported outcomes for prostate SBRT using periprostatic hydrogel spacer (SpaceOAR; Augmenix). Herein, we report safety and efficacy outcomes from our institutional prostate SBRT experience with SpaceOAR placement.

Effects of neurofeedback and working memory-combined training on executive functions in healthy young adults.

Given the interest in improving executive functions, the present study examines a promising combination of two training techniques: neurofeedback training (NFT) and working memory training (WMT). NFT targeted increasing the amplitude of individual's upper Alpha frequency band at the parietal midline scalp location (Pz), and WMT consisted of an established computerized protocol with working memory updating and set-shifting components. Healthy participants (n = 140) were randomly allocated to five combinations of training, including visual search training used as an active control training for the WMT; all five groups were compared to a sixth silent control group receiving no training.

Patterns of care and outcomes for women with uterine cancer and ovarian metastases.

Objective: For women with uterine cancer with metastases isolated to the adnexa (stage IIIA) optimal adjuvant therapy is unknown. We performed a population-based analysis to examine the use of chemotherapy, vaginal brachytherapy, and external beam therapy (in women with stage IIIA uterine cancer.

Methods: The National Cancer Database was used to identify women with stage IIIA uterine cancer with ovarian metastasis from 2004 to 2012.

Optimal Pure-State Qubit Tomography via Sequential Weak Measurements.

The spin-coherent-state positive-operator-valued-measure (POVM) is a fundamental measurement in quantum science, with applications including tomography, metrology, teleportation, benchmarking, and measurement of Husimi phase space probabilities. We prove that this POVM is achieved by collectively measuring the spin projection of an ensemble of qubits weakly and isotropically. We apply this in the context of optimal tomography of pure qubits.

A novel model to correlate hydrogel spacer placement, perirectal space creation, and rectum dosimetry in prostate stereotactic body radiotherapy.

Background: The SpaceOAR hydrogel is employed to limit rectal radiation dose during prostate radiotherapy. We identified a novel parameter - the product of angle θ and hydrogel volume - to quantify hydrogel placement. This parameter predicted rectum dosimetry and acute rectal toxicity in prostate cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy to 36.

Accuracy and reliability of digital craniofacial measurements using a small-format, handheld 3D camera.

Objectives: Craniofacial assessments often involve three-dimensional facial imaging using an expensive camera with 6 SLR lenses to analyse the positions and relations of anatomic landmarks. Recently, a 3D small-format, handheld camera was developed; however, the accuracy and reliability of this system are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of this system.

A neural correlate for common trait dissociation: Decreased EEG connectivity is related to dissociative absorption.

Objective: Dissociation refers to a disintegration between psychological elements; common manifestations are embodied in "absorption and imaginative involvement," a propensity for being immersed in a stimulus while oblivious to the environment, and acting without awareness. Trait dissociation was hypothesized to relate to lower EEG signal connectivity, but studies on healthy populations are scarce. The present study set out to examine whether dissociative absorption in a nonclinical sample would be associated with decreased intrahemispheric coherence.

Are resting state spectral power measures related to executive functions in healthy young adults?

Resting-state electroencephalogram (rsEEG) has been found to be associated with psychopathology, intelligence, problem solving, academic performance and is sometimes used as a supportive physiological indicator of enhancement in cognitive training interventions (e.g. neurofeedback, working memory training).

Experimental Study of Optimal Measurements for Quantum State Tomography.

Quantum tomography is a critically important tool to evaluate quantum hardware, making it essential to develop optimized measurement strategies that are both accurate and efficient. We compare a variety of strategies using nearly pure test states. Those that are informationally complete for all states are found to be accurate and reliable even in the presence of errors in the measurements themselves, while those designed to be complete only for pure states are far more efficient but highly sensitive to such errors.

Rectal balloon use limits vaginal displacement, rectal dose, and rectal toxicity in patients receiving IMRT for postoperative gynecological malignancies.

Pelvic radiotherapy for gynecologic malignancies traditionally used a 4-field box technique. Later trials have shown the feasibility of using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) instead. But vaginal movement between fractions is concerning when using IMRT due to greater conformality of the isodose curves to the target and the resulting possibility of missing the target while the vagina is displaced.

Utility of radiation therapy for early-stage uterine papillary serous carcinoma.

Objective: Early-stage uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) has a poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. While adjuvant chemotherapy is generally recommended, the role of radiation is uncertain. We examined the association between vaginal brachytherapy and whole pelvic radiation and survival in women treated with and without adjuvant chemotherapy.

Arbitrary Dicke-State Control of Symmetric Rydberg Ensembles.

We study the production of arbitrary superpositions of Dicke states via optimal control. We show that N atomic hyperfine qubits, interacting symmetrically via the Rydberg blockade, are well described by the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian and fully controllable by phase-modulated microwaves driving Rydberg-dressed states. With currently feasible parameters, it is possible to generate states of ∼ten hyperfine qubits in ∼1  μs, assuming a fast microwave phase switching time.

De-escalation of radiation dose for human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A case report and preclinical and clinical literature review.

Traditionally, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been considered to be a relatively homogeneous disease. However, recent data have demonstrated that human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative disease are two different clinical entities associated with different outcomes. Preclinical and clinical studies have reported a divergence in treatment strategies as well as prognostic outcomes for HNSCCs that are HPV-positive versus HPV-negative.

Accurate and Robust Unitary Transformations of a High-Dimensional Quantum System.

Unitary transformations are the most general input-output maps available in closed quantum systems. Good control protocols have been developed for qubits, but questions remain about the use of optimal control theory to design unitary maps in high-dimensional Hilbert spaces, and about the feasibility of their robust implementation in the laboratory. Here we design and implement unitary maps in a 16-dimensional Hilbert space associated with the 6S(1/2) ground state of (133)Cs, achieving fidelities >0.

Influence of treatment center and hospital volume on survival for locally advanced cervical cancer.

Objective: Procedural volume is associated with outcomes for many surgical interventions. Little is known about the association between volume and outcomes of radiation. We examined the association between treatment center and hospital volume and outcomes for women with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with radiation.