Complete mitochondrial genome sequencing and preliminary phylogenetic analysis of .

(Temminck and Schlegel, 1843), commonly known as the pearl-spot chromis, is a damselfish that inhabits the northwestern region of the Pacific Ocean and the East China Sea. Interestingly, has been found to have morphological variations depending on the geographical area of collection. However, because there are insufficient molecular studies on , in this study, we determined its complete mitochondrial genome using PCR and phylogenetic analyses.

Identification of Molecules from Coffee Silverskin That Suppresses Myostatin Activity and Improves Muscle Mass and Strength in Mice.

Coffee has been shown to attenuate sarcopenia, the age-associated muscle atrophy. Myostatin (MSTN), a member of the TGF-β growth/differentiation factor superfamily, is a potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass, and MSTN-inhibition increases muscle mass or prevents muscle atrophy. This study, thus, investigated the presence of MSTN-inhibitory capacity in coffee extracts.

The complete mitochondrial genome of and its phylogenetic analysis.

is a cubed snailfish that inhabits the northwestern region of the Pacific Ocean. The family Liparidae is difficult to distinguish morphologically due to the typical body color and shape variation, which are used interchangeably due to the differences in local dialects. Therefore, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of .

The complete mitochondrial genome of and a preliminary phylogenetic analysis.

is a snailfish commonly confused with similar fish species because of unclear morphological characteristics. Moreover, molecular genetic studies have not been conducted for snailfish in Korea. Here, we report the complete mitogenome sequence of , obtained via long PCR using universal primers for the fish mitogenome.

Cloning, Expression, and Purification of a Pathogenesis-Related Protein from Oenanthe javanica and Its Biological Properties.

Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are inducible and accumulated in plants upon pathogen challenge for survival. Interest in these proteins has arisen in many fields of research, including areas of protein defense mechanisms and plant-derived allergens. In this study, we cloned a PR protein gene (OJPR) from Oenanthe javanica, which consisted of 465 bp with an approximate molecular mass of 16 kDa.

The hot water extract and active components nicotinamide and guanosine of the leather carp Cyprinus carpio nudis improve exercise performance in mice.

We identified the main active, exercise performance-enhancing compounds in a hot water extract of the leather carp, Cyprinus carpio nudus, as nicotinamide and guanosine. Mice were fed casein (30 mg/ml) enriched with nicotinamide (0.1 mg/ml) and guanosine (0.

Identification of the minimum region of flatfish myostatin propeptide (Pep45-65) for myostatin inhibition and its potential to enhance muscle growth and performance in animals.

Myostatin (MSTN) negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth, and its activity is inhibited by the binding of MSTN propeptide (MSTNpro), the N-terminal domain of proMSTN that is proteolytically cleaved from the proMSTN. Partial sequences from the N-terminal side of MSTNpro have shown to be sufficient to inhibit MSTN activity. In this study, to determine the minimum size of flatfish MSTNpro for MSTN inhibition, various truncated forms of flatfish MSTNpro with N-terminal maltose binding protein (MBP) fusion were expressed in E.

Myostatin inhibitory region of fish (Paralichthys olivaceus) myostatin-1 propeptide.

Myostatin (MSTN) is a potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth, and its activity is suppressed by MSTN propeptide (MSTNpro), the N-terminal part of MSTN precursor cleaved during post-translational MSTN processing. The current study examined which region of flatfish (Paralichthys olivaceus) MSTN-1 propeptide (MSTN1pro) is critical for MSTN inhibition. Six different truncated forms of MSTN1pro containing N-terminal maltose binding protein (MBP) as a fusion partner were expressed in Escherichia coli, and partially purified by an affinity chromatography for MSTN-inhibitory activity examination.

Effect of salinity changes on olfactory memory-related genes and hormones in adult chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta.

Studies of memory formation have recently concentrated on the possible role of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NRs). We examined changes in the expression of three NRs (NR1, NR2B, and NR2C), olfactory receptor (OR), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) during salinity change (seawater→50% seawater→freshwater). NRs were significantly detected in the diencephalon and telencephalon and OR was significantly detected in the olfactory epithelium.

Cloning and characterization of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR1 gene from chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum, 1792).

Here, we report the information about molecular and expression characterization of NR1 gene in chum salmon for the first time. The complete NR1 subunit showed a large open-reading frame of 2844 bp in the total length of 3193 bp, and this cDNA contained a coding region encoding 948 amino acids and a stop codon. The organization of the NR1 subunit of chum salmon were similar of most other fishes, except C' terminal.

Upregulation of estrogen receptor subtypes and vitellogenin mRNA in cinnamon clownfish Amphiprion melanopus during the sex change process: profiles on effects of 17beta-estradiol.

In the present study, we investigated the expression pattern of estrogen receptors (esr) and vitellogenin (vtg) mRNA in the gonads and liver during sex change in cinnamon clownfish by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We divided gonadal development during the sex change from male to female into 3 stages (mature male, male at 90days after removing female, and mature female) and investigated esr and vtg mRNA expressions during the sex change. With female, the esr and vtg mRNA expressions increased.

Identification of a Taq DNA polymerase inhibitor from the red seaweed Symphyocladia latiuscula.

Two inhibitors of Taq DNA polymerase were isolated from the marine red alga Symphyocladia latiuscula. The inhibitors were purified by methanol extraction, molecular fractionation below 3000 MW and reverse-phase HPLC. The purified compound SL-1 containing three bromines was identified as 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol (C7H5Br3O3: MW374) by NMR and MS analyses.