Crystalline silicon nanoparticle formation by tailored plasma irradiation: self-structurization, nucleation and growth acceleration, and size control.

Crystalline silicon nanoparticles at the nanometer scale have been attracting great interest in many different optoelectronic applications such as photovoltaic and light-emitting-diode devices. Formation, crystallization, and size control of silicon nanoparticles in nonharsh and nontoxic environments are highly required to achieve outstanding optoelectronic characteristics. The existing methods require high temperature, use of HF solution, and an additional process for the uniform redistribution of nanoparticles on the substrate and there are difficulties in controlling the size.

Total ionization cross section of cyclic organic molecules.

Two independent methods, namely, Binary-encounter Bethe (BEB) and complex scattering potential-ionization contribution (CSP-ic) methods, are employed to calculate the total ionization cross section (Q) for cyclic organic molecules from ionization threshold to 5 keV for which there is a paucity of data in the literature. The Q calculated with the (BEB/ωB97X) combination is found to give good agreement with the experimental results, the CSP-ic method, and the Q calculated from Irikura orbital energies. The Q for most of the targets are calculated for the first time over such a wide energy range.