Untargeted Metabolomics and Gut Microbiota Modulation Study of Fermented Brown Rice for Obesity.

Obesity or excess adipose tissue mass increases the risk of heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes. Obesity might be prevented by consuming plant-based probiotic fermented foods. This study aimed to determine whether adding MNL5 to fermented brown rice (FBR) enhances its metabolites, lipase activity, and antioxidant efficiency.

Antiobesity and Antioxidative Effect of Fermented Brown Rice Using In Vitro with In Vivo Model.

Naturally occurring phytochemicals from plants or grains are crucial in reducing various metabolic disorders. Bioactive phytonutrients are abundant in the Asian dietary staple, brown rice. This research evaluated the impact of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) bioconversion and fermentation on antioxidant and antiobesity activities and ferulic acid content in brown rice.

Effects of fermented ginseng on memory impairment and β-amyloid reduction in Alzheimer's disease experimental models.

This study examined the effect of fermented ginseng (FG) on memory impairment and β-amyloid (Aβ) reduction in models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in vitro and in vivo. FG extract was prepared by steaming and fermenting ginseng. In vitro assessment measured soluble Aβ42 levels in HeLa cells, which stably express the Swedish mutant form of amyloid precursor protein.

Chronological changes in inflammatory cytokines immunoreactivities in the mouse hippocampus after systemic administration of high dosage of tetanus toxin.

Tetanus toxin (TeT) is an exotoxin and has a capacity for neuronal binding and internalization. In the present study, we compared changes in the immunoreactivities and protein levels of interleukin (IL-) 2 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and IL-4 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine in the hippocampus proper (HP) and dentate gyrus (DG) after systemic treatment of 10 or 100 ng/kg TeT into mice. In this study, we could not find any neuronal damage or loss in any subregions of the hippocampus after TeT treatment.

Comparison of inflammatory cytokines changes in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil after transient cerebral ischemia.

Young animals appear much less vulnerable to ischemic insults. In present study, we compared neuronal damage and changes in the immunoreactivities and levels of inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL-) 2 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and its receptor (IL-2Rβ), IL-4 and IL-13 as anti-inflammatory cytokines, in the hippocampal CA1 region between adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most (about 89%) of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons showed neuronal damage only in the adult gerbil at 4 days post-ischemia; in the young ischemia-group, about 61% of CA1 pyramidal neurons showed neuronal damage at 7 days post-ischemia.

Identification of the epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine cross-linking sites in alpha-lactalbumin polymerized by mammalian and microbial transglutaminases.

To investigate the site specificity of two transglutaminases (TGases), that is, the enzymes from guinea pig liver (GTGase) and Streptoverticillium (MTGase), the acyl acceptor and donor sites in alpha-lactalbumin were determined. Alpha-lactalbumin was cross-linked in the presence of dithiothreitol by GTGase and MTGase for 15 and 30 min, respectively. Cross-linked alpha-lactalbumins by GTGase and MTGase were digested with lysylendopeptidase followed by the separation of the resulting peptides using reverse-phase HPLC.

Antigenotoxicity of Enzymatic Browning Reaction Products of Potatoes in the Micronucleus Test.

This study investigated the antigenotoxic effects of enzymatic browning reaction products (PEBRPs) obtained by reaction of polyphenol compounds with oxidase extracted from potato. Each of the PEBRPs by themselves at 100 mg/kg did not induce an increased frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) irrespective of the sampling time (up to 72 h), while the treatment with benzo[]pyrene (B[a]P) significantly increased the incidence of MNPCEs ( < 0.05).