Beliefs and Perceptions in Attending the Cervical Screening: The COMUNISS Project Experience.

Background: Several studies highlighted that tailored health communication interventions improve cervical screening participation, vaccination coverage, and awareness about self-sampling benefits. The "COMUNISS" project was aimed at increasing awareness about cervical cancer prevention, identifying barriers to screening, and promoting screening uptake in under-screened women.

Methods: A dedicated website with a Q&A session regarding HPV-associated diseases has been set up.

A Study on the Photoisomerization of ()-Dehydrozingerone, Its ()-()-C₂ Symmetric Dimer, and Their -Methylated Derivatives.

In this study, UV-induced ()-to-() geometrical isomerizations of the curcumin degradation product ()-dehydrozingerone, along with curcumin-inspired ()--methylated dehydrozingerone and their corresponding C-symmetric dimers, were investigated. All compounds produced corresponding () isomers in varying yields upon UV irradiation in deuterated solvents. The efficiency of these photoisomerizations depended on the solvent and wavelength used.

Survival Outcomes with Regorafenib and/or Trifluridine/Tipiracil Sequencing to Rechallenge with Third-Line Regimens in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Real-World Subgroup Comparison from the ReTrITA Study.

Background: There is ongoing discussion around the optimal course of treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) following the second line. Trifluridine/tipiracil (T) and regorafenib (R) have been the mainstay of therapy in this situation, as they both increased overall survival (OS) in comparison to a placebo. Despite the paucity of evidence, therapy rechallenge is also recognized as an option for practical use.

Exploring Biological Targets of Magnolol and Honokiol and their Nature-Inspired Synthetic Derivatives: In Silico Identification and Experimental Validation of Estrogen Receptors.

In this work, we describe the results of a computational investigation aimed at identifying potential biological targets of honokiol, magnolol and a series of synthetic prodrug derivatives obtained through esterification of the free hydroxyl groups. The ligand-based and structure-based analyses revealed that these compounds potentially interact with several biological targets, some of which are known while others are new. Honokiol, magnolol, and three of the newly synthesized derivatives may bind to estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ.

Canine Distemper Virus in Sardinia, Italy: Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis in Foxes.

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is the etiological agent of a highly prevalent viral infectious disease of carnivores, which could seriously lead to a threat to the conservation of the affected species worldwide [...

The African introgression of Murciano Granadina goats has a Moroccan origin and displays remarkable levels of inter-individual variability.

There is evidence that Murciano Granadina (MG), the most important caprine dairy breed in Spain, has been introgressed by African goats, but the precise geographic origin of such introgression has not been identified yet. Moreover, an accurate estimate of the magnitude of this African introgression is lacking, since current estimates are based on small numbers of sampled individuals. The aim of our work was to tackle these two issues by genotyping 500 MG goats with the Goat SNP50 BeadChip and comparing their genotypes with those of reference populations from Spain (Bermeya), France (Saanen), Morocco (Barcha, Draa, Ghazalia, Noire de Atlas, Nord, Moroccan), Egypt (Barki, Oasis, Saidi), Algeria (Arabia, Makatia, M'Zabite, Kabyle), Tunisia (Tunisian native breeds) and Sudan (Desert, Nilotic, Taggar).

Investigating the footprint of post-domestication dispersal on the diversity of modern European, African and Asian goats.

Background: Goats were domesticated in the Fertile Crescent about 10,000 years before present (YBP) and subsequently spread across Eurasia and Africa. This dispersal is expected to generate a gradient of declining genetic diversity with increasing distance from the areas of early livestock management. Previous studies have reported the existence of such genetic cline in European goat populations, but they were based on a limited number of microsatellite markers.

Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Understanding of socioeconomic context might enable more efficient evidence-based preventive strategies in oral health.

Aim: The study assessed the caries-related socioeconomic macro-factors in 12-year-olds across European countries.

Design: This systematic review involved epidemiological surveys on the caries status of 12-year-olds from 2011 to 2022.

One World, One Health: Zoonotic Diseases, Parasitic Diseases, and Infectious Diseases.

When we take into account how the boundaries between human, animal, and environmental health are inextricably linked and increasingly intertwined, it comes as no surprise that the One Health approach has assumed an unprecedented level of importance over the past decade [...

Neuroprotective Effects of the Nutraceutical Dehydrozingerone and Its C-Symmetric Dimer in a Drosophila Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons responsible for unintended or uncontrollable movements. Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 locus contribute to genetic forms of PD. The fruit fly carrying this mutation (LRRK2-Dm) is an in vivo model of PD that develops motor impairment and stands for an eligible non-mammalian paradigm to test novel therapeutic approaches.

The Socio-Cultural Factors Influencing the Level of Public Compliance with Infection Control Measures during the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in Italy: A Historical Approach.

During health emergencies, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are adopted in various combinations until a vaccine can be produced and widely administered. Containment strategies, including the closure of schools, churches, and dance halls; banning of mass gatherings; mandatory mask wearing; isolation; and disinfection/hygiene measures, require reasonable compliance to be successfully implemented. But what are the most effective measures? To date, few systematic studies have been conducted on the effects of various interventions used in past epidemics/pandemics.

Effects of Hydroxyapatite-Containing Toothpastes on Some Caries-Related Variables: A Randomised Clinical Trial.

Objectives: This randomised clinical trial was designed and carried out with the aim to evaluate the capacity of fluoride-substituted hydroxyapatite (HAF) toothpaste to modulate oral microflora composition and biofilm acidogenicity in schoolchildren.

Methods: In all, 610 children (4 to 5 and 6 to 7 years) were enrolled. Four toothpastes were randomly administered during 24 months: 2 contained fluoride-substituted hydroxyapatite (HAF and HAF; 1000 and 1450 ppmF) and magnesium-, strontium-, and carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite in a chitosan matrix, and 2 were monofluorophosphate fluoridated toothpastes (F and F; 1000 and 1450 ppmF).

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Two Canine Herpesvirus 1 (CaHV-1) Isolates and Clinicopathological Outcomes of Infection in French Bulldog Puppies.

(CaHV-1) infects dogs, causing neonatal death and ocular, neurological, respiratory, and reproductive problems in adults. Although CaHV-1 is widespread in canine populations, only four studies have focused on the CaHV-1 whole genome. In such context, two CaHV-1 strains from both the kidney and spleen of 20-day-old deceased French Bulldog puppies were recently isolated in Sardinia, Italy.

Impact of Socioeconomic Inequalities on Dental Caries Status in Sardinian Children.

Background: The association between oral health of schoolchildren living in the North Sardinia area and socioeconomic deprivation was assessed to evaluate a potential spatial correlation.

Methods: A total of 10,947 subjects were examined (5281 aged 3-5-years, and 5666 aged 6-11-years). The WHO dmft index score was calculated following clinical examination by calibrated examiners.

Variations in Casein Genes Are Associated with Milk Protein and Fat Contents in Sarda Goats (), with an Important Role of for Milk Yield.

This work aimed to assess the variability of casein genes in a population of 153 bucks and 825 lactating does of the Sarda breed, and to perform association analysis between polymorphic sites and milk yield and composition traits. To genotype the casein genes, we chose an SNP panel including 44 SNPs mapping to the four casein genes , , and . Genotyping (made by KASP™ genotyping assay, based on competitive allele-specific PCR) revealed the high variability of the Sarda goat, and haplotype analysis revealed linkage disequilibrium (LD) between and genes, in addition to two LD blocks within the and two LD blocks within the gene, in bucks and does.

Oral Health Survey in Burundi; Evaluation of the Caries Experience in Schoolchildren Using the DMFT Index.

There are no data on oral health in the population of Burundi. This study aimed to describe the oral health status of schoolchildren in Burundi using the dmft/DMFT index for the first time. The study was designed as a cross-sectional population-based epidemiological survey.

Infection Prevention Control Strategies of New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase Producing .

The spread of multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Among these, Carbapenemase-producing New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) poses a significant clinical threat, and appropriate measures must be taken to prevent or limit its penetration into still-free territories. The present report describes two independent cases of patients from Ukraine colonized by NDM-producing and admitted to two separate wards of an acute university hospital in a territory not yet affected by Carbapenemase producers of this class.

Use of digital technologies in public health: a narrative review.

Background And Aim: Websites, social media networks and mobile applications constitute important communication tools, while simultaneously enabling the population to increase their knowledge of health issues. This study aims to describe digital health experiences in Public Health to examine the different possible uses of digital technologies by Public Health Operators (PHOs) and Health Care Workers (HCWs) and the role these tools play in the efficiency of the health interventions undertaken.

Methods: A narrative literature survey was conducted by consulting the PubMed and Scopus databases to find articles relevant to the topic of interest.

Sustainable Electropolymerization of Zingerone and Its C2 Symmetric Dimer for Amperometric Biosensor Films.

Polymeric permselective films are frequently used for amperometric biosensors to prevent electroactive interference present in the target matrix. Phenylenediamines are the most commonly used for the deposition of shielding polymeric films against interfering species; however, even phenolic monomers have been utilized in the creation of these films for microsensors and biosensors. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performances of electrosynthesized polymers, layered by means of constant potential amperometry (CPA), of naturally occurring compound zingerone (ZING) and its dimer dehydrozingerone (ZING DIM), which was obtained by straight oxidative coupling reaction.

Family Medicine and Primary Healthcare: The Past, Present and Future.

As defined by the World Health Organisation in the conference held in Alma Ata, Kazakhstan, in 1978, "Primary health care is essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound, and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance and self-determination" [...

Artificial Intelligence and Public Health: Evaluating ChatGPT Responses to Vaccination Myths and Misconceptions.

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools, such as ChatGPT, are the subject of intense debate regarding their possible applications in contexts such as health care. This study evaluates the Correctness, Clarity, and Exhaustiveness of the answers provided by ChatGPT on the topic of vaccination. The World Health Organization's 11 "myths and misconceptions" about vaccinations were administered to both the free (GPT-3.

Cheese yield and nutrients recovery in the curd predicted by Fourier-transform spectra from individual sheep milk samples.

The objectives of this study were to explore the use of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy on individual sheep milk samples for predicting cheese-making traits, and to test the effect of the farm variability on their prediction accuracy. For each of 121 ewes from 4 farms, a laboratory model cheese was produced, and 3 actual cheese yield traits (fresh cheese, cheese solids, and cheese water) and 4 milk nutrient recovery traits (fat, protein, total solids, and energy) in the curd were measured. Calibration equations were developed using a Bayesian approach with 2 different scenarios: (1) a random cross-validation (80% calibration; 20% validation set), and (2) a leave-one-out validation (3 farms used as calibration, and the remaining one as validation set) to assess the accuracy of prediction of samples from external farms, not included in calibration set.

First Year of Special Issue "New Insights in Vaccination and Public Health": Opinions and Considerations.

Disease prevention and control is the foundation of public health [...