Exposures to psycholeptics, psychoanaleptics, and cardiovascular drugs reported to the PIC erfurt during heat waves from 2003 to 2018.

Psycholeptics, psychoanaleptics, and cardiovascular drugs alter individual tolerance to extreme heat. To explore the influence of heat waves on their toxicity in acute overdose, we retrospectively analyzed all human exposures to psycholeptics and psychoanaleptics (PLAexp) as well as cardiovascular drugs (CVDexp) registered by the Poisons Information Center (PIC) Erfurt between June to September of the years 2003 to 2018 for frequency, age groups, sex, circumstances of exposure, and symptom severity. The results of the non-heat years (NHY) 2004-2005 and 2007-2014 (average air temperature June-September 16.

Medication errors in inquiries to the Poison Information Center Erfurt - a systematic analysis.

Introduction: Poison Information Centers (PICs) fulfil the legal mandate to provide advice and answer inquiries from healthcare professionals and medical nonprofessionals on measures to be taken in the event of an intoxication. Medication errors might be a frequent cause of intoxication. However, hardly any data on medication errors are available from PICs.

[Illicit Drug Exposures Reported to the Poisons Information Centre Erfurt (2011 to 2020)].

Aim Of The Study: Because of significant changes in recent years, cases of illicit drug exposure reported to the Poisons Information Centre (PIC) Erfurt during the last 10 years were investigated.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of above-mentioned cases from 2011 to 2020 according to substance classes, symptom severity, age groups, and gender.

Results: Cases of illicit drug exposure (4,963, 2.

EMDIA Case Series-Effective Medication Therapy Management (MTM) for Diabetes Type 2 Patients-A Proof of Concept Study.

: A 2016 meta-analysis of pharmaceutical care for patients with diabetes mellitus showed that the following four components were most effective: (a) individual goal setting, (b) sending feedback to the physician, (c) reviewing the medication, and (d) reviewing blood glucose measurements. To formulate a hypothesis regarding the effect of these four pharmaceutical care components on glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus and the feasibility of these components in practice. Ten patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the case series and received medication therapy management over four months.

Blended Learning on Blood Pressure Measurement: Investigating Two In-Class Strategies in a Flipped Classroom-Like Setting to Teach Pharmacy Students Blood Pressure Measurement Skills.

For reliable blood pressure measurement, various potential sources of inaccuracies need to be considered to avoid incorrect decision-making. Pharmacy students should be sensitized and taught the skill accordingly. One strategy to teach students' blood pressure measurement skills might be through a blended learning approach in a flipped classroom-like setting.

Training Pharmacy Students in Self-Medication Counseling Using an Objective Structured Clinical Examination-Based Approach.

Introduction: Pharmacists play an important role in ensuring the safe, effective, and rational use of drugs in self-medication. Given the potential risks of self-medication, adequate training on self-medication counseling should be provided to pharmacy students during their academic education. Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) could be used to train pharmacy students in these skills.

Efficacy of an Objective Structured Clinical Examination Training Approach for Training Pharmacy Students in Diabetes Mellitus Counseling: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Pharmacists' tasks are multifaceted and include, for example, vital counseling and communication skills. Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) could be used to train pharmacy students in these skills. Our study sought to determine the efficacy of our OSCE training approach for training pharmacy students' counseling and communication skills on diabetes mellitus compared to a control group.

Exposures to Dental Products, Stomatological Preparations, and in Dental Care and Toothache reported to the PIC Erfurt (1997 to 2017).

We examined human exposures to dental products (EDP), stomatological preparations (ESP), and in the context of dental care (EDC) or toothache (ETA) registered by the Poisons Information Centre (PIC) Erfurt from 1997 to 2017. Dental products like dental technical and filling materials belong to medical devices. Stomatological preparations were classified according to the ATC code and symptom severity to the Poisoning Severity Score (PSS).

[Poisoning by exotic pets].

Exotic poisonous animals such as snakes, marine animals, spiders, and scorpions are a rarity in Central Europe, but are kept as pets by some people. Poisoning caused by these animals is a particular challenge in medical care.Over a period of six years (2001-2006), a total of 202 cases of poisoning with exotic animals were registered and evaluated at four poison information centers in Germany and France.

PharmAdhere: training German community pharmacists with Objective Structured Clinical Examinations.

Background Pharmacists who engage in Pharmaceutical Care need skills to optimise responsible medication use and increase medication adherence. Objectives We developed and evaluated a blended-learning programme for German community pharmacists that focused on conducting consultations in chronic diseases. Setting Community pharmacists in Germany.

[Intoxications in Children and Adolescents in Germany].

Background: In Germany, intoxications cause the bulk of emergencies in children, to be prevented or attenuated by preventive measures. Therefore, knowledge about intoxications is essential for pediatricians. The present work provides general and epidemiologic data about intoxications and most frequent categories and single toxicants.

A method for evaluating cocaine-induced social preference in rats.

Drug addicts are extremely sensitive to cues that predict drug availability and exposure to these cues can facilitate drug relapse. Cues vary in their nature but can include drug-associated paraphernalia, environmental contexts, and discrete conditioned stimuli (e.g.

Effective Interventions for Diabetes Patients by Community Pharmacists: A Meta-analysis of Pharmaceutical Care Components.

Objective: To evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included interventions provided by community pharmacists for patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes, the analysis of each component of the intervention(s), and the description of the training that the pharmacists received.

Data Sources: The literature research was conducted in PubMed and in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (January 2000 to April 2016) for RCTs with interventions provided by community pharmacists for patients with diabetes. Corresponding authors were contacted about missing data and intervention and training design.

[Pharmaceutical care of an adolescent with type 1 diabetes].

This article describes the pharmaceutical care of an adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus, who took part in the DIADEMA study. Diabetes was diagnosed for three years and his baseline HbA1c-value was 9.3 %.

[Diabetes Stewardship – Pharmaceutical care of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus provided by community pharmacists].

Diabetes mellitus Type 1 is one of the most common diseases in childhood. Severe, secondary diseases like hypertension or blindness are results of micro- and macrovascular complications caused by insufficient glycaemic control. Especially adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes have a lower adherence rate.

[Trends in Abuse of Biogenic Drugs in Parts of Germany 2007-2013].

Aim Of The Study: Based on an abundance of information on the internet, psychotropic plants and mushrooms are of increasing relevance as legal and cheap alternatives to other illicit drugs. Due to the lack of a German database, the abuse of selected biogenic drugs using reported exposures to 3 German Poison Information Centres (PICs) was examined.

Methods: Information on abuse of biogenic drugs was collected from the German PICs in Berlin, Erfurt and Fribourg (2007-2013).

[Psychodynamically oriented inpatient psychotherapy of depressive disorders - First findings from a naturalistic, multicenter study].

Objectives: While the general effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy in both outpatient and inpatient treatment has been proven, few studies document the effectiveness of clinical inpatient treatment of depression through psychodynamic psychotherapy.

Methods: This paper presents first results of a naturalistic multicenter intervention study. Included were female inpatients suffering from depressive symptoms who had been admitted to 15 psychodynamically oriented psychosomatic hospital units (N = 487).

[Human Single Drug Exposures to Non-opioid Analgesics Reported to the Poisons Information Centre Erfurt from 2003 to 2012].

Aim Of The Study: Because of their frequency, non-opioid analgesics (NOA) single drug exposures registered by Poisons Information Centre (PIC) Erfurt have been studied over a decade.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of frequencies, circumstances of exposure, symptom severity, and age groups in NOA single drug exposures received by the PIC Erfurt from the beginning of 2003 to the end of 2012 was undertaken.

Results: Of all 4749 NOA single drug exposures, the 10 most frequent were caused by paracetamol (n=1 686), ibuprofen (n=1 439), acetylsalicylic acid (n=456), dipyrone (n=274), diclofenac (n=267), flupirtine (n=138), naproxen (n=41), etoricoxib (n=36), indomethacin (n=24), and dexketoprofen (n=19).

[Human exposures to veterinary medicines reported to the Poisons Information Centre Erfurt from 2003 to 2012].

Aim Of The Study: The purpose of this study was to get information on all human exposures to veterinary medicines (HEVM) reported to the Poisons Information Centre (PIC) over a 10-year period.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of all HEVM was undertaken and a comparison was made to all human exposures (HE) registered by the PIC from the beginning of 2003 to the end of 2012 according to frequencies, circumstances of exposure, symptom severity, age groups, and substances involved in HEVM.

Results: In total, 389 cases of HEVM with 409 veterinary medicines were registered (0.

Angiotensin II antagonists - an assessment of their acute toxicity.

Objective: In Germany, increasing prescription rates of angiotensin II antagonists resulted in rising enquiries to Poisons Information Centres (PICs) during the last decade. Therefore, we aimed to assess their acute toxicity for deriving triage recommendations.

Methods: An observational case series with data collected retrospectively from eight PICs in Austria, Germany and Switzerland.

Of pills, plants, and paraquat: the relevance of poison centers in emergency medicine.

The organization and work of a poisons center are demonstrated on the basis of GIZ-Nord Poisons Center Annual Report for 2011. In a short summary the basic principles of clinical toxicology are elucidated: the indications for gastric lavage and the application of activated charcoal. Moreover the means of enhanced elimination are presented: hemodialysis, hemoperfusion, multi-dose activated charcoal and molecular absorbent recirculating system (MARS).