Heteromerization of dopaminergic receptors in the brain: Pharmacological implications.

Dopamine exerts its physiological effects through two subtypes of receptors, i.e. the receptors of the D family (D and D) and the D family (D, D, and D), which differ in their pattern of distribution, affinity, and signaling.

Antimalarial Activity of (Rutaceae) Crude Extracts and Solvent Fractions of Its Stem Bark Against in Mice.

Background: A current challenge in malaria control and elimination is the progressive resistance to most antimalarial drugs which necessitates the discovery of new options. Hence, the current study was initiated to investigate the antimalarial activity of the stem bark of in mice.

Methods: The test material was extracted using 80% methanol in a cold maceration technique and further fractionated in solvents of varied polarity.

Wound Healing Effect of Schweinf (Apocynaceae) Methanol Leaf Extract Ointment in Mice and Its in-vitro Antioxidant Activity.

Background: is traditionally used for the treatment of wounds and various bacterial infections. Due to the ongoing escalation of antimicrobial resistance, there is an increasing demand for the appropriate wound care and hence, the present study was initiated to investigate the wound healing effects of the leaf extract ointments of in mice and its in-vitro antioxidant activity.

Methods: The crude extract was prepared as 5% and 10% w/w ointments for topical use in mice.

Assessment of Drug Use Pattern Using WHO Core Prescribing Indicators at Outpatient Settings of Governmental Hospitals in Dessie Town.

Background: Enhancing the standards of medical treatment at all levels of the healthcare delivery system can improve the quality of life in developing countries. One method to promote rational drug use is an assessment of drug use pattern based on drug use indicators.

Objective: To evaluate prescription patterns at the outpatient pharmacy of Dessie Referral Hospital and Boru Meda Hospital at Dessie town.

Evaluation of Antibiotic Utilization Pattern During Acute Diarrheal Disease at Chefa-Robit Health Center, Kemissie, North East Amhara, Ethiopia.

Background: Despite the fact that the majority of the acute diarrheal diseases are viral in origin and self-limited, routine and injudicious antibiotic treatment is a common practice globally and more prevalent in Africa. Indeed, the irrational use of antibiotics has a detrimental effect on the issue of antibiotics resistance and associated healthcare costs. Accordingly, a health center-based cross-sectional study is mandatory and was conducted due to the common malpractice of antibiotics use.

Chemo Suppressive and Curative Potential of Against : Evidence for in vivo Antimalarial Activity.

Background: The emergence of drug resistance together with the global burden of malaria triggers the necessity for the searching of new antimalarial agents. This study, therefore, was initiated to investigate the in vivo antimalarial activity of in mice based on the strong supported evidence from the ethnobotanical claims and the in vitro anti-plasmodial activity of the plant.

Methods: The 4-day suppressive (crude extract and fractions) and the Rane's (n-butanol fraction) tests were used to evaluate the antimalarial activity of the plant.

Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis Use and Surgical Site Infection Pattern in Dessie Referral Hospital, Dessie, Northeast of Ethiopia.

Background: Surgical site infections are the third (14%-16%) most frequent cause of nosocomial infections among hospitalized patients. They still form a large health problem and result in increased antibiotic usage, increased associated costs, and prolonged hospitalization and contribute to increased patient morbidity and mortality. Therefore, studies on surgical site infections and surgical antibiotic prophylaxis contribute to identifying surgical site infection rate and risk factor associated with it as well as for identifying the gap in surgical antibiotic prophylaxis practice.

Evaluation of the anti-malarial activity of crude extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of Olea europaea (Oleaceae) in mice.

Background: Drug resistance poses a challenge to malaria control measures. This calls for discovery & development of new chemotherapeutic agents. This study therefore was initiated to investigate the antimalarial activity of Olea europaea against Plasmodium berghei infected mice and to further ascertain in which fraction (s) the constituents responsible for anti-malarial activity are concentrated.

Self-Reported and Actual Involvement of Community Pharmacy Professionals in the Management of Childhood Diarrhea: A Cross-Sectional and Simulated Patient Study at two Towns of Eastern Ethiopia.

Background: Role of community pharmacy professionals is observed in the prevention and treatment of diarrhea and the associated problem of dehydration in children. The aim of this study was to assess self-reported knowledge and actual practices of community pharmacy professionals toward the management of diarrhea in Harar town and Dire Dawa city administration.

Methodology: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on community pharmacy professionals practicing in community drug outlets of the two towns.

Retrospective evaluation of cotrimoxazole use as preventive therapy in people living with HIV/AIDS in Boru Meda Hospital.

Background: Drug use evaluation is a performance improvement method that focuses on evaluating and improving drug use process to achieve optimal patient outcomes. Drug use evaluation helps in identifying, preventing or resolving actual and potential drug related problems. The objective of the study was to evaluate the use of cotrimoxazole as preventive therapy in people living with HIV/AIDS in Boru Meda Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia.