Family flock size and age-sex structure of indigenous village chickens.

Background: Indigenous village chickens (IVCs) significantly contribute to rural development. There is considerable variation in family flock size and age-sex structure of IVCs.

Objectives: This study reports the family flock size, age-sex group structure, and demographic history of IVCs.

Cytomorphological patterns and clinical features of presumptive tubercular lymphadenitis patients and their comparison with bacteriological detection methods: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLN) is an infection of the lymph node caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Histological diagnoses of presumptive patients are often accompanied by cytomorphological features. However, the sensitivities of these features are often precluded by the variable degrees of narrative similarities compared to other diagnostic modalities.

Breeding practice of indigenous village chickens, and traits and breed preferences of smallholder farmers.

Background: Indigenous village chickens, or (IVCs), significantly contribute to rural livelihoods. Although natural selection has a disproportionate impact on the genetic structure of IVCs, farmers have developed locally tailored breeding practices to get the most out of their flocks.

Objectives: Small-scale farmers' insights on trait breed preferences and family flock breeding practices are presented in this cross-sectional study.

The comparative advantage of urban goat production.

Background: Urban agriculture significantly contributes to food security. The two primary components of urban agriculture are livestock production and horticulture. The goat, Capra hircus, is one of the commonly raised food animals.

Histopathologic patterns and factors associated with cervical lesions at Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia: A two-year cross-sectional study.

Background: The cervix is the lower portion of the uterus, which connects this organ to the vagina through the endocervical canal.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the histopathologic patterns and factors associated with cervical lesions at Jimma Medical Center from September 12, 2017, to September 12, 2019.

Methods: A 2-year facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to June 30, 2020.

Functional outcomes of the knee and associated factors after intramedullary nailing of tibial diaphysial fractures at Addis Ababa Emergency, burn, and Trauma Hospital (AaEBT) hospital, Ethiopia.

Background: Tibial shaft fractures are the most common long bone fractures requiring treatment. High-energy trauma often causes tibia bone injuries, causing severe complications and long-term disability due to inadequate soft tissue coverage. Tibial shaft fractures can be treated using casts, external fixators, plating, or intramedullary nails.

Prevalence and associated factors of infection after intramedullary nailing of long bone fractures among patients attending St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, AaBET Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Objectives: The intramedullary nailing of long bone fractures is a major challenge for orthopedic surgeons, with increased risk of infection in third-world countries. Research gaps remain in Ethiopia, determining the magnitude of the problem. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of infection after intramedullary nailing of long bone fractures in Ethiopia.

Microbiological Investigations of Fine Needle Aspirates from Newly Suspected and Previously Treated Tubercular Lymphadenitis Patients.

Background: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), particularly tubercular lymphadenitis (TBLN), remains to pose a huge public health problem in Ethiopia. A significant number of TBLN patients who completed a full course anti-TB treatment regimen were reported to have enlarged lymph nodes and other TB-like clinical presentations. This could either be from a paradoxical reaction or microbiological relapse, possibly due to mono/multi-drug resistance.

The reaction of secondary school and university students toward COVID-19-induced lockdown.

Background: The Coronavirus pandemic triggered a worldwide partial lockdown. The lockdown instigated the school's shutdown making the students follow their courses in the virtual modalities while staying at home.

Methods: The data were collected using an online survey using a semi-structured questionnaire.

Modifiable factors associated with a consistently high acute pain trajectory after surgical treatment of traumatic fractures in Ethiopia: a multi-center prospective cohort study.

Background: In Ethiopia, little is known about postoperative pain trajectories and possible predictive factors associated with them in patients undergoing surgery following traumatic fractures.

Methods: This multi-center prospective observational cohort study included surgical candidates for traumatic fractures (n = 218). Worst pain intensity was measured with an 11-point numeric rating scale on the first 4 postoperative days and day of hospital discharge.

Outcome of tibial shaft fractures treated with the SIGN FIN nail at Addis Ababa Emergency, Burn, and Trauma Hospital (AaEBT) Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Objectives: To determine the outcome of tibial fractures treated with the SIGN FIN nail.

Study Design: Retrospective case series study.

Study Setting: Trauma center.

Descriptive Analysis of Rheumatic Heart Disease Related Complications in Pediatric Patients at Tertiary Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Introduction: Rheumatic heart disease continues to be a public health problem worldwide. In developing countries such as Ethiopia where rheumatic heart disease is endemic, most of the patients present with complaints related to complications including heart failure, arrhythmias, pulmonary hypertension, stroke, systemic embolic events and infective endocarditis.

Objective: To identify the types and magnitude of complications in pediatric patients with rheumatic heart disease.

Patterns of Medical Admissions and Predictors of Mortality in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northern Ethiopia: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Previous works show that noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise in developing nations, including Ethiopia, in the background of preexisting communicable diseases (CDs). Data on hospital admission in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce, particularly prospectively collected, and hence this study was done to close the gap in acquiring accurate diagnosis usually faced with retrospective data. We aimed to describe medical admission patterns, their outcomes and determinants at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (ACSH) in Tigray, Ethiopia.

Conjunctival Rhinosporidiosis in an Ethiopian Child: A Case Report.

Background: Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by an infection with the sporulating bacterium Rhinosporidium seeberi. It primarily affects the nose and nasopharynx mucous membranes, but it can also involve the conjunctiva. The most common presentation of ocular rhinosporidiosis is a polypoid mass in the palpebral conjunctiva.

Noble classical and quantum approach to model the optical properties of metallic nanoparticles to enhance the sensitivity of optoplasmonic sensors.

The bright light obtained from the quantum principle has a key role in the construction of optical sensors. Yet, theoretical and experimental work highlights the challenges of overcoming the high cost and low efficiency of such sensors. Therefore, we report a metallic nanoparticle-based metasurface plasmons polariton using quantum and classical models.

Invalid measles vaccine dose administration and vaccine effectiveness in Ethiopia.

Introduction: Ethiopia endorsed the African regional measles elimination goal in 2012 and has been implementing measles elimination strategies. Administration of measles vaccine before the age of nine months decreases seroconversion. Ensuring administration of valid doses and monitoring vaccine effectiveness is crucial for achieving measles elimination.

EDP-305 in patients with NASH: A phase II double-blind placebo-controlled dose-ranging study.

Background & Aims: EDP-305 is an oral farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist under development for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Herein, we aimed to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of EDP-305 in patients with fibrotic NASH.

Methods: In this double-blind phase II study, patients with fibrotic NASH (without cirrhosis), diagnosed by historical biopsy or phenotypically, were randomized to EDP-305 1 mg, EDP-305 2.

Human neocortical expansion involves glutamatergic neuron diversification.

The neocortex is disproportionately expanded in human compared with mouse, both in its total volume relative to subcortical structures and in the proportion occupied by supragranular layers composed of neurons that selectively make connections within the neocortex and with other telencephalic structures. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses of human and mouse neocortex show an increased diversity of glutamatergic neuron types in supragranular layers in human neocortex and pronounced gradients as a function of cortical depth. Here, to probe the functional and anatomical correlates of this transcriptomic diversity, we developed a robust platform combining patch clamp recording, biocytin staining and single-cell RNA-sequencing (Patch-seq) to examine neurosurgically resected human tissues.

COVID-19: socio-economic impacts and challenges in the working group.

The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the lives of the global community, consequently, many parts of people's lives have been jeopardized. Therefore, there is a need to curb the spread of coronavirus. Accordingly, countries are enforcing partial or full-fledged lockdown to restrict all sorts of socialization.

Sustainable intensification of indigenous village chicken production system: matching the genotype with the environment.

The multi-purpose indigenous village chickens (IVCs) are kept in low- and middle-income countries. IVCs are hardy and are resilient to disease, hostile environment, global warming, and climate change. The IVCs are a little impacted by anthropogenic effects; consequently, they possess high genetic and phenotypic diversity.

Bovine trypanosomosis: Prevalence and vector distribution in Sadi Chanka district, Kellem Wollega zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia.

Bovine trypanosomosis remains an important livestock disease constraint, which is threatening livestock health and production, despite ongoing tsetse and trypanosomosis control efforts in Sadi Chanka district, Kellem Wollega zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2018, to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and distribution of the vectors of disease in Sadi Chanka district, Western Ethiopia. A total of 370 blood samples were collected from randomly selected local Horro and Abigar cattle breeds covering five villages of the district.