Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistant and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-producing in Dairy Cattle Farms in East Tennessee.

Antimicrobials have been widely used in dairy farms to prevent and control dairy cattle diseases since 1960s. This led to the emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB) that, along with their antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), can spread from dairy farms to humans. Therefore, regular antimicrobial resistance (AMR) monitoring is important to implement proper mitigation measures.

Comparison of surface protein extraction methods and immunogenicity.

is the major contagious bovine mastitis pathogen and has no effective vaccine. Strain variation and limited knowledge of common immunogenic antigen/s are among major constraints for developing effective vaccines. cell surface proteins that are exposed to the host immune system constitute good vaccine candidates.

Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Dairy Cows and Genetic Diversity of Resistant Isolates.

Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent and major contagious mastitis bacterial pathogen. The antibiotic treatment cure rates vary considerably from 4% to 92%. Staphylococcus aureus readily becomes resistant to antibiotics, resulting in persistent noncurable intramammary infection that usually results in culling of infected animals.