Nanomaterials and methods for cancer therapy: 2D materials, biomolecules, and molecular dynamics simulations.

This review explores the potential of biomolecule-based nanomaterials, , protein, peptide, nucleic acid, and polysaccharide-based nanomaterials, in cancer nanomedicine. It highlights the wide range of design possibilities for creating multifunctional nanomedicines using these biomolecule-based nanomaterials. This review also analyzes the primary obstacles in cancer nanomedicine that can be resolved through the usage of nanomaterials based on biomolecules.

Energy-Efficient and Effective MCF-7 Cell Ablation and Electrothermal Therapy Enabled by M13-WS-PEG Nanostructures.

Thermal agents (TAs) have exhibited promise in clinical tests when utilized in cancer thermal therapy (TT). While rapid degradation of TAs may address safety concerns, it limits the thermal stability required for effective treatment. TAs, which possess exceptional thermal stability, experience gradual deterioration.

Leakage Mechanism and Cycling Behavior of Ferroelectric AlScN.

Ferroelectric scandium-doped aluminum nitride (AlScN) is of considerable research interest because of its superior ferroelectricity. Studies indicate that AlScN may suffer from a high leakage current, which can hinder further thickness scaling and long-term reliability. In this work, we systematically investigate the origin of the leakage current in AlScN films via experiments and theoretical calculations.

Shape complementarity processes for ultrashort-burst sensitive M13-PEG-WS-powered MCF-7 cancer cell sensors.

Biomarkers have the potential to be utilized in disease diagnosis, prediction and monitoring. The cancer cell type is a leading candidate for next-generation biomarkers. Although traditional digital biomolecular sensor (DBS) technology has shown to be effective in assessing cell-based interactions, low cell-population detection of cancer cell types is extremely challenging.

An Efficient, Short Stimulus PANC-1 Cancer Cell Ablation and Electrothermal Therapy Driven by Hydrophobic Interactions.

Promising results in clinical studies have been demonstrated by the utilization of electrothermal agents (ETAs) in cancer therapy. However, a difficulty arises from the balance between facilitating the degradation of ETAs, and at the same time, increasing the electrothermal performance/stability required for highly efficient treatment. In this study, we controlled the thermal signature of the MoS by harnessing MoS nanostructures with M13 phage (MNM) via the structural assembling (hydrophobic interaction) phenomena and developed a combined PANC-1 cancer cell-MNM alternating current (AC)-stimulus framework for cancer cell ablation and electrothermal therapy.

Ultrafast Near-Ideal Phase-Change Memristive Physical Unclonable Functions Driven by Amorphous State Variations.

There is an ever-increasing demand for next-generation devices that do not require passwords and are impervious to cloning. For traditional hardware security solutions in edge computing devices, inherent limitations are addressed by physical unclonable functions (PUF). However, realizing efficient roots of trust for resource constrained hardware remains extremely challenging, despite excellent demonstrations with conventional silicon circuits and archetypal oxide memristor-based crossbars.

Ultrasensitive two-dimensional material-based MCF-7 cancer cell sensor driven by perturbation processes.

Changes in lipid composition and structure during cell development can be markers for cell apoptosis or various diseases such as cancer. Although traditional fluorescence techniques utilising molecular probes have been studied, these methods are limited in studying these micro-changes as they require complex probe preparation and cannot be reused, making cell monitoring and detection challenging. Here, we developed a direct current (DC) resistance sensor based on two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS) nanosheets to enable cancer cell-specific detection dependent on micro-changes in the cancer cell membrane.

WS/Polyethylene Glycol Nanostructures for Ultra-Efficient MCF-7 Cancer Cell Ablation and Electrothermal Therapy.

Developing novel nanostructures and advanced nanotechnologies for cancer treatment has attracted ever-increasing interest. Electrothermal therapy offers many advantages such as high efficiency and minimal invasiveness, but finding a balance between increasing stability of the nanostructure state and, at the same time, enhancing the nanostructure biodegradability presents a key challenge. Here, we modulate the biodegradation process of two-dimensional-material-based nanostructures by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) via nanostructure disrupt-and-release effects.

Ultrasensitive Detection of MCF-7 Cells with a Carbon Nanotube-Based Optoelectronic-Pulse Sensor Framework.

Biosensors are of vital significance for healthcare by supporting the management of infectious diseases for preventing pandemics and the diagnosis of life-threatening conditions such as cancer. However, the advancement of the field can be limited by low sensing accuracy. Here, we altered the bioelectrical signatures of the cells using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via structural loosening effects.

Ultralong-Time Recovery and Low-Voltage Electroporation for Biological Cell Monitoring Enabled by a Microsized Multipulse Framework.

Long-term nondestructive monitoring of cells is of significant importance for understanding cell proliferation, cell signaling, cell death, and other processes. However, traditional monitoring methods are limited to a certain range of testing conditions and may reduce cell viability. Here, we present a microgap, multishot electroporation (M2E) system for monitoring cell recovery for up to ∼2 h using ∼5 V pulses and with excellent cell viability using a medium cell population.

Activating Silent Synapses in Sulfurized Indium Selenide for Neuromorphic Computing.

The transformation from silent to functional synapses is accompanied by the evolutionary process of human brain development and is essential to hardware implementation of the evolutionary artificial neural network but remains a challenge for mimicking silent to functional synapse activation. Here, we developed a simple approach to successfully realize activation of silent to functional synapses by controlled sulfurization of chemical vapor deposition-grown indium selenide crystals. The underlying mechanism is attributed to the migration of sulfur anions introduced by sulfurization.

Simulating selective binding of a biological template to a nanoscale architecture: a core concept of a clamp-based binding-pocket-favored N-terminal-domain assembly.

The biological template and its mutants have vital significance in next generation remediation, electrochemical, photovoltaic, catalytic, sensing and digital memory devices. However, a microscopic model describing the biotemplating process is generally lacking on account of modelling complexity, which has prevented widespread commercial use of biotemplates. Here, we demonstrate M13-biotemplating kinetics in atomic resolution by leveraging large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

Ultrafast Nanoscale Phase-Change Memory Enabled By Single-Pulse Conditioning.

We describe how the crystallization kinetics of a suite of phase-change systems can be controlled by using a single-shot treatment via "initial crystallization" effects. Ultrarapid and highly stable phase-change structures (with excellent characteristics), viz. conventional and sub-10 nm sized cells (400 ps switching and 368 K for 10 year data retention), stackable cells (900 ps switching and 1 × 10 cycles for similar "switching-on" voltages), and multilevel configurations (800 ps switching and resistance-drift power-law coefficients <0.

Ultra-High Signal Detection of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Driven by Two-Dimensional Materials.

We observed a unique bioelectric signal of human embryonic stem cells using direct current-voltage measurements facilitated by few-layered 2D-MoS sheets. A 1.828 mA cell signal was achieved (2 orders of magnitude higher than previous electrical-based detection methods) as well as multiple cell reading cycles demonstrating ∼ 1.