Effects of intensity distribution changes on performance and on training loads quantification.

The present study analyses the effects of the high-intensity distribution change within sessions on physical performance and on training loads (TL) provided by quantification methods based on heart rate (HR) and on whole body indicators of exercise-induced physiological stress. Fourteen trained physical education students (21.9±1.

Development of a specific index to detect malnutrition in athletes: Validity in weight class or intermittent fasted athletes.

Fasted or weight-category athletes manage their training under strict diet conditions that could impair the stress-recovery balance and result in acute or chronic fatigue. However, to date, no validated biomarker are available to quantify this phenomena. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of a specific index combining plasma albumin and weight change to detect nutrition-related risks of fatigue increase and under-performance in athletes experiencing particular nutritional conditions.

Row for your life: a century of mortality follow-up of French olympic rowers.

Background/aim: Strenuous endurance training required to participate in the highest sports level has been associated with deleterious effects on elite athletes' health and cardiac abnormalities. We aimed to describe overall mortality and main causes of deaths of male French rowers participating in at least one Olympic Game (OG) from 1912 to 2012 in comparison with the French general population.

Methods: Identity information and vital status of French Olympic rowers were validated by National sources from 1912 to 2013 (study's endpoint) among 203 rowers; 52 out of 255 (20.

Environment and scheduling effects on sprint and middle distance running performances.

Purpose: Achievement of athletes' performances is related to several factors including physiological, environmental and institutional cycles where physical characteristics are involved. The objective of this study is to analyse the performance achieved in professional sprint and middle-distance running events (100 m to 1500 m) depending on the organization of the annual calendar of track events and their environmental conditions.

Methods: From 2002 to 2008, all performances of the Top 50 international athletes in the 100 m to 1500 m races (men and women) are collected.

Success and decline: top 10 tennis players follow a biphasic course.

Introduction: The victory percentages for tennis players who entered the top 10 women and men rankings show various evolutions related to age and time since 1968.

Methods: The study analyzed the careers of all top 10 players: 97 women (50,933 matches) and 144 men (92,450 matches). For each player, we describe a biphasic performance course.

Effort regulation in rowing races depends on performance level and exercise mode.

This study investigated the influence of performance level and exercise mode on the rowers' pacing strategies. On-water and indoor split times and placements (every 500-m) were obtained from individual 2000-m performances set at the elite, national and sub-elite competitive levels. The data was sorted into indoor (n=580) and on-water exercises (n=507).

Athlete atypicity on the edge of human achievement: performances stagnate after the last peak, in 1988.

The growth law for the development of top athletes performances remains unknown in quantifiable sport events. Here we present a growth model for 41351 best performers from 70 track and field (T&F) and swimming events and detail their characteristics over the modern Olympic era. We show that 64% of T&F events no longer improved since 1993, while 47% of swimming events stagnated after 1990, prior to a second progression step starting in 2000.

Local muscular endurance and prediction of 1 repetition maximum for bench in 4 athletic populations.

The aim of this study was to determine a predictive equation of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) from local muscular endurance. Different athletic male populations were assessed: racket/ball games players (n = 31), power lifters (n = 22), swimmers (n = 28), and rowers (n = 29). After the 1RM assessment for the bench press, the maximum number of repetitions (MNR) relative to the 1RM (85%, 75%, 60%, 40%, and 20%) was tested.

Success in developing regions: world records evolution through a geopolitical prism.

A previous analysis of World Records (WR) has revealed the potential limits of human physiology through athletes' personal commitment. The impact of political factors on sports has only been studied through Olympic medals and results. Here we studied 2876 WR from 63 nations in four summer disciplines.

Effects of Ramadan fasting on physical performance and metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory parameters in middle-distance runners.

The Ramadan fasting (RF) period is associated with changes in sleep habits and increased sleepiness, which may affect physical performance in athletes, and may induce metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory disturbances. In 8 middle-distance athletes (25.0 +/- 1.

Quantifying continuous exercise using the ratio of work completed to endurance limit associated with exercise-induced delayed-onset muscle soreness.

This study quantified training load of various exercises using a novel method developed by the authors and based on the ratio of work completed: endurance limit, associated with exercise-induced delayed-onset muscle soreness. Exercises were also quantified using the Training Impulse method. 8 runners performed a marathon and a 60-min.

Training-level induced changes in blood parameters response to on-water rowing races.

The study investigated blood markers allowing discriminating physiological responses to on-water rowing races, notably regarding training volume of athletes and race duration. College (COL) and national (NAT) rowers performed a 1000- or 2000-m race. Capillary blood samples obtained before and post-race allowed an analysis of a wide range of serum parameters.

Leptin, catecholamines and free fatty acids related to reduced recovery delays after training.

The aim of this study was to observe the effects of exercise on plasma free fatty acids (FFA), the catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine) and leptin levels, before and after training, to determine their possible influence on the improvement of the regulation of energy homeostasis. Eleven trained rowers performed two exercise sessions (S1, S2) of 90 min each (70-75% V(.)O(2peak)), separated by a 36-week period of intense endurance training.

Leptin response to acute prolonged exercise after training in rowers.

The aim of this study was to determine if there is a training effect on leptin levels at rest or after prolonged exercise during an 8-month training season of rowers. Eleven trained rowers were evaluated at three sessions (control, early and late) during the season. At the early and late sessions, leptin and insulin concentrations were measured before and after 90 min of rowing exercise (70-75% maximal oxygen consumption, VO(2)max), 120 min and 24 h afterwards.