A study of the immunohistochemical profile of bladder cancer in neuro-urological patients by the French Association of Urology.

Purpose: To establish whether the expression of markers of cell differentiation (CK7, CK14, CK20, GATA3), apoptosis (p53), proliferation (Ki67, STAG2) and peri-tumoural lymphocytes (CD3, CD8), provides specific information about urothelial carcinogenesis in neuro-urological patients with bladder cancer (NBC).

Methods: Tissue samples from NBC were retrieved from 15 centres in France and compared to control samples from non neuro-urological patients with bladder cancer (NNBC) and from neuro-urological patients without bladder cancer (NB). The expression of CK7, CK14, CK20, GATA3, p53, Ki67, STAG2, CD3 and CD8 markers was analysed using immunohistochemistry of tissue microarray sections.

Early management of severe pelvic injury (first 24 hours).

Objective: Pelvic fractures represent 5% of all traumatic fractures and 30% are isolated pelvic fractures. Pelvic fractures are found in 10 to 20% of severe trauma patients and their presence is highly correlated to increasing trauma severity scores. The high mortality of pelvic trauma, about 8 to 15%, is related to actively bleeding pelvic injuries and/or associated injuries to the head, abdomen or chest.

MiniJFil®: A New Safe and Effective Stent for Well-Tolerated Repeated Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy or Ureteroscopy for Medium-to-Large Kidney Stones?

Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is recommended for treating staghorn stones or stones measuring > 20 mm. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) or flexible ureteroscopy (URS) may be used as a complement. However, PCNL can cause trauma to the kidney parenchyma, and patients may find a noninvasive procedure, such as ESWL, to be more attractive.

A 20-Year Epidemiological Review of Testis Cancer at a French Military Hospital.

Objectives: To determine if the epidemiology of testis cancer in military service has followed worldwide trends and if the end of conscription in 2000 in France marked an epidemiologic turn.

Methods: All of the patients who had an orchiectomy for a testis germ tumor from January 1990 to January 2011 were studied. The patients were divided into two groups: orchiectomy before 2000 and after 2000.

Grade IV renal trauma management. A revision of the AAST renal injury grading scale is mandatory.

Introduction: The AAST renal injury grading scale is currently the most important variable predicting the need for kidney repair or removal, morbidity and mortality after blunt or penetrating kidney injuries. The 2011 revised version included renal pelvis, uretero-pelvic junction and segmental vascular injuries as grade IV, limiting grade V to severe hilar injuries. However, patients requiring surgery cannot be properly identified because of hemodynamic instability due to grade IV renal injuries.

Unusual presentation of testicular cancer with tumor thrombus extending to the inferior vena cava.

A 45-year-old man with a left testis tumor with a 25 mm para-aortic lymph node swelling, multiple bilateral pulmonary metastases, bilateral pulmonary embolism, and inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus underwent a radical orchidectomy in our institution. The thrombus extended from the left gonadal vein to the left renal vein to the IVC. The fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (f-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) computerized tomography (CT) demonstrated a hypermetabolic focus in the retroperitoneum and in the IVC thrombus.

[Use of French version of Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire for tolerance evaluation of ureteral double J-stent].

Objectives: To evaluate the quality of life of the holders of a ureteral double J stent (US) using the USSQ questionnaire (Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire), validated in French in 2010.

Methods: Between January 2009 and December 2011, 249 patients underwent flexible ureteroscopy for urolithiais in our service. Among them, 160 received a US in perioperative, and they were sent self-questionnaire USSQ-FR retrospectively.

Changing the double-pigtail stent by a new suture stent to improve patient's quality of life: a prospective study.

Purpose: Double-pigtail stent intolerance reduces patient's quality of life. By decreasing the amount of material within the bladder, it should be possible to attenuate stent's symptoms. We evaluated the tolerance of a new stent with a dedicated questionnaire.

[Pigtail suture stent: decisive progress towards double-pigtail stent tolerance and unexpected properties of the suture in the ureter].

Objective: Double-pigtail stent intolerance reduces the quality of life of patients. By decreasing the amount of material within the bladder, it should be possible to attenuate the symptoms linked to the stent. We evaluated the tolerance of a new stent with a dedicated questionnaire.

[Growing teratoma syndrome].

Growing teratoma syndrome (GTS) is a rare entity, characterized by enlarging masses of the retroperitoneum or other location occurring during or after systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of non-seminomatous germ cell of the testis (NSGCT). Three criteria define this syndrome: enlarging metastatic masses, normalized serum markers and no component of viable germ cell tumor in this mature teratoma. Prognostic is excellent after the resection of these masses, but this surgery has to be as much complete as possible.

[Use of [-2] pro PSA and phi index for early detection of prostate cancer: a prospective of 452 patients].

Introduction: Early detection of prostate cancer (Pca) is a real challenge to reduce morbidity and mortality while avoiding over-diagnosis and over-treatment. The prostate specific antigen (PSA) is characterized by its imperfections justifying the evaluation of new serum or urinary specific markers allowing a better selection of patients at risk of developing aggressive Pca.

Aim: To compare the value of -2pro PSA and phi index to total and free PSA.

[Predictive value of the asymptomatic prostatic inflammation in the development of prostate cancer].

Objective: Several studies have tried to show a link between inflammation and cancer. In prostate cancer (PCa) development, this question is still not completely elucidated. The aim of the study was to investigate, whether the presence of inflammation in the first series of prostate biopsies was a factor of risk.

[Total urethral rupture during sexual intercourse].

The authors report the case of a bilateral rupture of the corpora cavernosa associated to a total disruption of the urethra resulting from blunt trauma during sexual intercourse. This association is a rare urologic case of emergency which most often take place during sexual intercourse (0.4% of the urologic cases of emergency).

[Management of testicular seminoma with elevation of alpha fetoprotein. A case report].

The authors report a case of stage N3 pure testicular seminoma associated with paradoxical elevation of alphafoetoprotein (AFP). Despite the absence of histological arguments after review of the slides, this lesion was considered to be a stage pT1 N3 M0 S3 non seminomatous germ cell tumour with a poor prognosis. Simple surveillance was proposed following normalization of tumour markers, regression of retroperitoneal masses and negative PET scan.

[Correct use of prostate-specific antigen in office practice].

Objective: To standardize interpretation and comments of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assay results by clinical pathology laboratories in office practice.

Material: From September 2004 to May 2006, interpretation and comments of PSA assay results performed by 100 different laboratories were analysed retrospectively.

Results: Nineteen different PSA assay kits were used.

[Management of the unstable patient with multiple trauma].

The management of the patient with multiple trauma in unstable condition must be adapted to the means available (or unavailable) on site, i.e., trained personnel, material means, and the possibility of evacuation to a trauma center.