Isolation and Characterization of Sesquiterpene Lactones From Syneilesis aconitifolia and Evaluation of Their Anti-Breast Cancer Activity.

Two undescribed sesquiterpene lactones (1 and 2), along with two known analogs (3 and 4), were isolated from Syneilesis aconitifolia. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated using spectroscopic analysis, ECD calculations, and single crystal x-ray diffraction. Compound 3 exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity against 4T1 cells, with an IC value of 10.

Two New Phenylpropanoids and a Polyphenol with Anti-Cervical Cancer Activity from Smilax china L.

Two novel phenylpropanoids (compounds 1 and 2) and 11 known compounds were isolated from Smilax china L. Their structures were determined by NMR (1D and 2D) and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Further, the cytotoxic activity of all the isolated compounds against HeLa, 4T1, and U251 tumor cells was evaluated using the cell counting kit-8 assay, revealing that compound 13 showed significant cytotoxicity toward HeLa cells.

Sound attenuation in high mach number oscillating bubble media.

We study theoretically and numerically sound attenuation in bubble-containing media when the bubbles are freely oscillating at high Mach numbers. This paper expands one of the main forms of bubble-related acoustic damping factors by extending the previous theories to higher Mach numbers, further improves the theories of nonlinear sound propagation in bubble-containing media. A nonlinear sound propagation model incorporating second-order liquid compression terms is developed, expressing the sound velocity and density in the medium as a function of the driving pressure, and taking into account the higher-order liquid compression effects on sound propagation.

Treatment of Spleen-Deficiency Syndrome With Atractyloside A From Bran-Processed by Protection of the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier.

(Thunb.) DC. (AL) is used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of spleen-deficiency syndrome (SDS).

(-)-Syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from Cortex Albizziae inhibits corticosterone-induced PC12 cell apoptosis and relieves the associated dysfunction.

The neuroprotective effects and potential mechanisms of (-)-Syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (SRG), a natural lignan glycoside extracted from Cortex Albizziae, were investigated using corticosterone (CORT)-induced PC12 cells as an in vitro anxiety model. PC12 cells were treated with 100 μM CORT and 5, 10, or 20 μM SRG for 48 h. Cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage were measured.

Frequency Invariant Beamforming for a Small-Sized Bi-Cone Acoustic Vector-Sensor Array.

In this work, we design a small-sized bi-cone acoustic vector-sensor array (BCAVSA) and propose a frequency invariant beamforming method for the BCAVSA, inspired by the 's coupling ears and harmonic nesting. First, we design a BCAVSA using several sets of cylindrical acoustic vector-sensor arrays (AVSAs), which are used as a guide to construct the constant beamwidth beamformer. Due to the mechanical coupling system of the 's two ears, the phase and amplitude differences of acoustic signals at the bilateral tympanal membranes are magnified.

A Novel Real-Valued DOA Algorithm Based on Eigenvalue.

To solve the high complexity of the subspace-based direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm, a super-resolution DOA algorithm is built in this paper. However, in this method, matrix decomposition is required for each search angle. Therefore, in this paper, real-valued processing is used to reduce the scanning range by half, which is less effective in algorithm complexity.

Sound Source Localization Using Non-Conformal Surface Sound Field Transformation Based on Spherical Harmonic Wave Decomposition.

Spherical microphone arrays have been paid increasing attention for their ability to locate a sound source with arbitrary incident angle in three-dimensional space. Low-frequency sound sources are usually located by using spherical near-field acoustic holography. The reconstruction surface and holography surface are conformal surfaces in the conventional sound field transformation based on generalized Fourier transform.

Berberine Attenuates Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.

Intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction plays an important role in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM). Berberine (BBR), a kind of isoquinoline alkaloid, is widely known to be effective for both DM and diarrhea. Here, we explored whether the anti-diabetic effect of BBR was related to the intestine mucosal barrier.

Diosgenin and 5-Methoxypsoralen Ameliorate Insulin Resistance through ER-α/PI3K/Akt-Signaling Pathways in HepG2 Cells.

To determine the effects and the underlying mechanism of diosgenin (DSG) and 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP), two main active components in the classical Chinese prescription Hu-Lu-Ba-Wan (HLBW), on insulin resistance, HepG2 cells were incubated in medium containing insulin. Treatments with DSG, 5-MOP, and their combination were performed, respectively. The result showed that the incubation of HepG2 cells with high concentration insulin markedly decreased glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis.

Fenugreek lactone attenuates palmitate-induced apoptosis and dysfunction in pancreatic β-cells.

Aim: To investigate the effect of fenugreek lactone (FL) on palmitate (PA)-induced apoptosis and dysfunction in insulin secretion in pancreatic NIT-1 β-cells.

Methods: Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of FL and PA (0.25 mmol/L) for 48 h.

The effects of clozapine on cognitive function and regional cerebral blood flow in the negative symptom profile schizophrenia.

Objective: Cognitive function and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were studied in negative symptom profile schizophrenic patients by using WCST and SPECT.

Methods: Twenty-one schizophrenic patients who matched the criteria of Andreason's negative symptom profile received SPECT and WCST, and then were treated with clozapine for 8 consecutive weeks. There were 28 and 12 normal subjects as the control groups of WCST and SPECT, respectively.

[Effect of sinomenine on adjuvant arthritis and its mechanisms].

Objective: To discuss the anti-inflammatory mechanism of sinomenine on inflammatory media in joint of adjuvant arthritis rats.

Method: Rats were randomly divided into the normal group and the model group, the prednisone group, the small, medium, large of sinomenine group (30, 60, 120 mg x kg(-1)). Except for the rats in the normal group, animals were modeled to adjuvant arthritiswith freund's complete adjuvant.

[Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampus of ovariectomized mouse].

Objective: To explore the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus after ovariectomy in mice.

Methods: BDNF levels were detected by immunohistochemistry combined image analysis in hippocampal CA regions and dentate gyrus of ovariectomized mice.

Results: The expression of BDNF in hippocampus of mice decreased significantly after the ovariectomy after 4 days.

[Stress and hippocampus].

This review summarizes the present advance of effects of stress on hippocampal structure and function and the role of hippocampus in feedback regulation of thalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis during stress. It shows that stress can affect hippocampal structure and function, on the other hand, the hippocampus can also suppress the stress reaction through the feedback regulation of HPA axis, but chronic stress can attenuate this regulation, then significantly impair its structure and function.