PSA testing in primary care: is it time to change our practice?

Background: Historical prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening studies reduced prostate cancer-related deaths but also led to overdiagnosis/overtreatment. Since then, opportunistic PSA testing has increased, and late-stage diagnoses and prostate-cancer related deaths are rising.

Objectives: To review current trends regarding PSA testing in primary care and propose a collaborative approach to improve early prostate cancer detection.

Impact of biological sex, concussion history and sport on baseline NeuroTracker performance in university varsity athletes.

This study aimed to assess the impact of biological sex, concussion history, and type of sport on the baseline NeuroTracker performance, a test/train three-dimensional multiple object tracking paradigm used in sport contexts, in university level varsity athletes. A total of 136 university level varsity athletes participating in male ice hockey, male or female soccer, female volleyball, and mixed biological sex cheerleading underwent preseason NeuroTracker baseline assessments. Significant differences in NeuroTracker performance were observed based on biological sex ( < 0.

Improving the reliability of small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements of anisotropic precipitates in metallic alloys using sample rotation.

Nanometric precipitates in metallic alloys often have highly anisotropic shapes. Given the large grain size and non-random texture typical of these alloys, performing small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) measurements on such samples for determining their characteristics (typically size and volume fraction) results in highly anisotropic and irreproducible data. Rotations of flat samples during SAXS/WAXS acquisitions are presented here as a solution to these anisotropy issues.

Influence of device configuration and noise on a machine learning predictor for the selection of nanoparticle small-angle X-ray scattering models.

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a widely used method for nanoparticle characterization. A common approach to analysing nanoparticles in solution by SAXS involves fitting the curve using a parametric model that relates real-space parameters, such as nanoparticle size and electron density, to intensity values in reciprocal space. Selecting the optimal model is a crucial step in terms of analysis quality and can be time-consuming and complex.

Automated selection of nanoparticle models for small-angle X-ray scattering data analysis using machine learning.

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is widely used to analyze the shape and size of nanoparticles in solution. A multitude of models, describing the SAXS intensity resulting from nanoparticles of various shapes, have been developed by the scientific community and are used for data analysis. Choosing the optimal model is a crucial step in data analysis, which can be difficult and time-consuming, especially for non-expert users.

Bilateral nephrectomy impairs cardiovascular function and cerebral perfusion in a rat model of acute hemodilutional anemia.

Anemia and renal failure are independent risk factors for perioperative stroke, prompting us to assess the combined impact of acute hemodilutional anemia and bilateral nephrectomy (2Nx) on microvascular brain Po (Po) in a rat model. Changes in Po (phosphorescence quenching) and cardiac output (CO, echocardiography) were measured in different groups of anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (1.5% isoflurane, = 5-8/group) randomized to Sham 2Nx or 2Nx and subsequently exposed to acute hemodilutional anemia (50% estimated blood volume exchange with 6% hydroxyethyl starch) or time-based controls (no hemodilution).

Childhood Maltreatment and Leukocyte Telomere Length: Cardiac Vagal Activity Influences the Relation in Older Adults.

Objective: Childhood maltreatment is associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL). However, the influence of cardiac vagal control on this relation is unknown. We examined whether cardiac vagal control at rest and in response to stress moderates or cross-sectionally mediates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and LTL.

Evaluating passive physiological data collection during Spravato treatment.

Spravato and other drugs with consciousness-altering effects show significant promise for treating various mental health disorders. However, the effects of these treatments necessitate a substantial degree of patient monitoring which can be burdensome to healthcare providers and may make these treatments less accessible for prospective patients. Continuous passive monitoring via digital devices may be useful in reducing this burden.

Prototype Pathogens for Vaccine and Monoclonal Antibody Countermeasure Development: NIAID Workshop Process and Outcomes for Viral Families of Pandemic Potential.

Given the increased risk of pandemics driven by emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, it is imperative that the United States and global scientific community be better prepared for future threats by prioritizing and launching key research programs and strategies. In December 2021, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) published its pandemic preparedness plan, which focuses on the prototype pathogen approach for medical countermeasure development. The plan was introduced before its release at a NIAID-hosted workshop in November 2021 that featured scientific experts from the extramural community, government, and the private sector and focused on selection of prototype pathogens from 10 viral families with pandemic risk and moderate resources.

Viral Prototypes for Pandemic Preparedness: The Road Ahead.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic demonstrated how rapidly vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) could be deployed when the field is prepared to respond to a novel virus, serving as proof of concept that the prototype pathogen approach is feasible. This success was built upon decades of foundational research, including the characterization of protective antigens and coronavirus immunity leading to the development and validation of a generalizable vaccine approach for multiple coronaviruses. For other virus families of pandemic concern, the field is less prepared.

Benzodiazepine-Free Cardiac Anesthesia for Reduction of Postoperative Delirium (B-Free): A Protocol for a Multi-centre Randomized Cluster Crossover Trial.

Delirium is common after cardiac surgery and is associated with adverse outcomes. Administration of benzodiazepines before and after cardiac surgery is associated with delirium; guidelines recommend minimizing their use. Benzodiazepine administration during cardiac surgery remains common because of its recognized benefits.

The Europa Uomo Patient Reported Outcome Study 2.0-Prostate Cancer Patient-reported Outcomes to Support Treatment Decision-making.

Background: To further strengthen the voice of patients, Europa Uomo initiated the Europa Uomo Patient Reported Outcome Study 2.0 (EUPROMS 2.0) in October 2021.

[Place of the insulin pump for the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients].

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion devices, commonly called insulin pumps, have been used for the treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes for several years. The benefits on glycemic control and on the quality of life of these patients are clear and well documented in the literature. On the other hand, their use in insulin-requiring patients with type 2 diabetes is less widespread.

The yeast Gdt1 protein mediates the exchange of H for Ca and Mn influencing the Golgi pH.

The GDT1 family is broadly spread and highly conserved among living organisms. GDT1 members have functions in key processes like glycosylation in humans and yeasts and photosynthesis in plants. These functions are mediated by their ability to transport ions.

Intraoral optical impression versus conventional impression for fully edentulous maxilla: an in vivo comparative study.

Aim: The aim of the present in vivo study was to compare the clinical trueness of primary mucostatic impressions obtained either by a classical alginate or an optical intraoral scanner technique in patients with a fully edentulous maxilla.

Materials And Methods: A total of 30 patients with a fully edentulous maxilla were included in the study and underwent both conventional impressions and intraoral optical impressions (Trios 3). The conventional impressions were casted and the resulting plaster casts were digitized using a desktop scanner (Imetric D104i).

Sexual and urinary function in prostate cancer clinical studies and the Europa Uomo Patient Reported Outcome Study: does it match?

Background: We aimed to quantify the difference in patient reported outcome (PRO) data between clinical studies and the (patient initiated) EUPROMS study for sexual functioning and urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy (RP) and external beam radiotherapy (RT).

Methods: Europa Uomo, the patient organization of men with prostate cancer (PCa) in Europe, initiated the EUPROMS study. Data involved 1101 men with PCa treated with RP and 304 patients treated with RT.

Perioperative Doppler ultrasound assessment of portal vein flow pulsatility in high-risk cardiac surgery patients: a multicentre prospective cohort study.

Background: Portal vein Doppler ultrasound pulsatility measured by transoesophageal echocardiography is a marker of the haemodynamic impact of venous congestion in cardiac surgery. We investigated whether the presence of abnormal portal vein flow pulsatility is associated with a longer duration of invasive life support and postoperative complications in high-risk patients.

Methods: In this multicentre cohort study, pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound assessments of portal vein flow were performed during anaesthesia before initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (before CPB) and after separation of cardiopulmonary bypass (after CPB).

Early Detection and Correction of Cerebral Desaturation With Noninvasive Oxy-Hemoglobin, Deoxy-Hemoglobin, and Total Hemoglobin in Cardiac Surgery: A Case Series.

Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rS o2 ) obtained from near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides valuable information during cardiac surgery. The rS o2 is calculated from the proportion of oxygenated to total hemoglobin in the cerebral vasculature. Root O3 cerebral oximetry (Masimo) allows for individual identification of changes in total (ΔcHbi), oxygenated (Δ o2 Hbi), and deoxygenated (ΔHHbi) hemoglobin spectral absorptions.

Analytical validation of a portable human Accu-Chek glucometer in honeybee hemolymph.

Glucose and trehalose are the main energy sources used by honeybees () for daily activities. However, there is no validated point-of-care method to reliably measure both sugars. We performed an analytical validation of a portable human glucometer (Accu-Chek; Roche) for glucose measurement in honeybee hemolymph compared to a reference method (GluCH, UniCel DxC 600; Beckman Coulter).

Test-retest reliability of the neurotracker compared to the impact test for the management of mild traumatic brain injuries during two consecutive university sport seasons.

Introduction: Neurocognitive assessment tools such as the Neurotracker and ImPACT have been proposed to optimize sports-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) management. Baseline testing is recommended with such assessments to individualize monitoring of athletes' remission. While the ideal timeframe between baseline updates has been studied for the ImPACT, these data are missing for the Neurotracker.