Multiclass Synthetic Accessibility Prediction.

Evaluating synthetic accessibility of molecules is an integral component of the drug discovery process. While the application of machine learning models to predict whether small molecules are easy or hard to synthesize has gained attention recently, predetermined thresholds and data set imbalances present challenges for these binary classification approaches. In this study, we introduce a novel multiclass fold-ensembled classification approach to predict the minimum number of steps needed to synthesize a small molecule.

Thoracolumbar Fracture: A Natural History Study of Survival Following Injury.

Background: Fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine are increasingly common. Although it is known that such fractures may elevate the risk of near-term morbidity, the natural history of patients who sustain such injuries remains poorly described. We sought to characterize the natural history of patients treated for thoracolumbar fractures and to understand clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with survival.

Pediatric glossopharyngeal neuralgia with incidental trigeminal compression treated using microvascular decompression: illustrative case.

Background: Glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) is a rare condition typically manifesting as paroxysms of sharp, lancinating pain localized to the middle ear and auditory canal, base of the tongue, tonsillar fossa, and region just inferior to the angle of the mandible. Vascular compression is a common etiology, and microvascular decompression (MVD) has been established as a safe and efficacious treatment in adults. With the exception of one report of an adult patient undergoing the procedure for symptomatology that began in adolescence, there are no published cases of MVD for GPN in pediatric patients to the author's knowledge.

On-demand treatment of hereditary angioedema attacks: patient-reported utilization, barriers, and outcomes.

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is clinically characterized by recurrent attacks of cutaneous and submucosal swelling.

Objective: To investigate real-world timing, potential barriers, and impact of delaying on-demand treatment (OD) of HAE attacks METHODS: Patients with HAE (type I or II) aged ≥12 years with ≥1 treated (Treated Cohort) or untreated (Untreated Cohort) attack in the past 3 months were recruited by the US HAE Association. Respondents completed a 20-minute, self-reported, online survey about their last HAE attack.

Green synthesis of ammonium nitrate (NHNO) fertiliser: production via plasma water/ice interaction with air and NH plasma.

This study introduces a green and sustainable method for synthesising ammonium nitrate (NHNO) using plasma activated water (PAW). Nitrate ions () were generated via air plasma treatment, and ammonium ions () were introduced using low pressure ammonia (NH₃) plasma exposure to nitrate-rich PAW in frozen form to produce NHNO. Results demonstrated that process parameters, including NH₃ gas pressure, applied voltage, and treatment time, significantly influenced PAW properties, with NH₃ plasma treatment time showing the most substantial impact.

Effect of pain neuroscience education (PNE) in people with different mechanisms of chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Chronic pain poses a multifaceted and prevalent challenge that significantly affects an individual's quality of life. Sensory mechanisms, behavioural components (kinesiophobia and catastrophising), and social factors can influence pain perception in both younger and older populations. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying these altered pain phenotypes require further investigation in order to plan appropriate treatment.

Injection drug use is associated with repeat irrigation and debridement in native joint septic arthritis.

Background And Objective: Septic arthritis is an orthopaedic emergency that requires prompt irrigation and debridement (I&D). Some patients require a repeat I&D, which poses excessive burden on the patient and provider. The goal of this study was to identify possible risk factors for repeat I&D in the setting of native septic arthritis.

Povidone-iodine-induced scalp lesions in pediatric neurosurgery patients: a case series.

Purpose: Povidone-iodine, or Betadine® (Atlantis Consumer Healthcare Inc., Bridgewater, NJ), is a commonly used agent for surgical site preparation. Although commonly used, it carries the risk of skin reactions, and multiple cases of intra-operative contact dermatitis and chemical burns have been reported.

The Canadian Bronchiectasis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Registry: a study protocol.

Background: Bronchiectasis is a complex, chronic disease with geographic and ethnic diversity. While the most substantial cohort studies have been conducted in Europe and the USA, Canada also faces considerable challenges. The comprehensive Canadian Bronchiectasis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial (NTM) Registry aims to 1) outline the clinical characteristics and natural history of bronchiectasis in Canada, 2) identify risk factors contributing to disease progression within Canadians, 3) integrate comprehensive clinical information to better understand the phenotypes of bronchiectasis and 4) support the development of large-scale, randomised controlled trials in Canada.

Revolutionizing rheumatoid arthritis treatment with emerging cutaneous drug delivery systems: overcoming the challenges and paving the way forward.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the articulating joints. Though considerable progress has been made in understanding the disease in the past 50 years, its pathogenesis remains unclear. The therapies for RA, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and glucocorticoids through conventional therapeutic delivery systems by percutaneous, intra-articular, intraperitoneal, oral, and intravenous administration, have shown their own disadvantages, which eventually reduce patient compliance for long-term therapy.

Clinical Diagnosis of Esophageal Dysphagia Using Transnasal Esophagoscopy: A Case Report.

The aim of the present study was three folds; (i) to correlate clinical case history with objective findings of a client presented with sternal discomfort along with odynophagia; (ii) to evaluate the cause for retrosternal discomfort using Functional Esophagoscopy (FE); and (iii) to reaffirm the Cook's (2008) algorithm for clinical diagnosis of esophageal dysphagia in single sitting using Transnasal Esophagoscopy (TNE). A 72 years old male (named 'G') visited a tertiary health care hospital with a complaint of imbalance for past 2 months. Also, had a complaint of pain while swallowing for the past 15 days along with left arm weakness (for past 2 days) and got admitted for treatment.

A Scoping Review of Mental Practice in Athletes: How can Surgeons Learn?

Introduction: Mental imagery is a dynamic mental state involving the cognitive visualization and rehearsal of motor movements or positions without overt motor output. Mental imagery is known to have numerous benefits for skill acquisition within athletic performance and is often incorporated into elite athletic training programs. The literature on the effects of mental imagery in surgery, which shares many of the high-performance qualities of elite athletics, remains limited.

Outcomes of open reduction for hip dislocations in children with connective tissue disorders.

Purpose: While children with hypermobility and/or ligamentous laxity due to coexisting connective tissue disorders might be expected to have worse outcomes after open reduction for hip dislocations, there is minimal prior research on this topic.

Methods: All open reduction surgeries for hip dislocations performed at a single urban, tertiary-care children's hospital from 2009 to 2023 were reviewed retrospectively. Those with connective tissue disorders secondary to a diagnosed syndrome or genetic disorder were included.

Molecular docking and network pharmacology study on active compounds of for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder with increasing global prevalence, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. , a medicinal plant with a long history of traditional use, has shown promising potential in managing DM.

Aim Of The Study: This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of action of active components of in managing DM using a combination of network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches.

Factors delaying mobilization after hip and knee arthroplasty.

Objective: Arthroplasty patients undergo pre-operative assessment and medical optimization before surgery with the objective to mobilize and discharge home as soon as deemed fit to reduce hospital stay. This study was aimed to investigate factors delaying mobilization after hip and knee arthroplasty in our hospital.

Methods: This observational study was conducted in our hospital between August 2021 and October 2021.

Biosimilar approval pathways: comparing the roles of five medicines regulators.

Biologics are playing an increasingly important role in health care globally but are placing a substantial burden on payers. The development of biosimilars-drugs that are highly similar to and have no clinically meaningful differences from originator biologics-is critical to improving the affordability and accessibility of these medications. Medicines regulators, however, have had varied success with biosimilars to date.

Internal validation of modified Mirels' scoring system for pathologic femur fractures.

Background: The proximal femur is a common site of bone metastasis. The Mirels' score is a frequently utilized system to identify patients at risk for pathologic fracture and while it has consistently demonstrated strong sensitivity, specificity has been relatively poor. Our group previously developed a Modified Mirels' scoring system which demonstrated improved ability to predict cases at risk of fracture in this patient population through modification of the Mirels' location score.