Thick and Short Fetal Corpus Callosum on Ultrasound: Added Value of Fetal Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging With Tractography.

Background: Thick fetal corpus callosum (CC) is a rare finding and its significance in isolation is not clear. In this retrospective study, we aim to gain insight into the microarchitecture of CC in a cohort of fetuses with thick and short CC (isolated or associated with mild extra-/intracranial abnormalities) as seen on ultrasound (US), by using prenatal magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with fiber tractography, thereby allowing better characterization for postnatal prognosis.

Methods: Twelve fetuses met the inclusion criteria on US.

Calcium phosphate nanoclusters modify periodontium remodeling and minimize orthodontic relapse.

Orthodontic relapse is one of the most prevalent concerns of orthodontic therapy. Relapse results in patients' teeth reverting towards their pretreatment positions, which increases the susceptibility to functional problems, dental disease, and substantially increases the financial burden for retreatment. This phenomenon is thought to be induced by rapid remodeling of the periodontal ligament (PDL) in the early stages and poor bone quality in the later stages.

Paroxysmal Hypertension in Congenital Hypothyroidism: An Unusual Case of Pheochromocytoma.

Pheochromocytomas are rare tumors arising from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla that result in the secretion of excessive catecholamines. They are an uncommon cause of hypertension in the pediatric population. We present a case of a six-year-old male with hypertension, rapid weight loss, palpitations, excessive sweating, and vomiting.

Apical integrins as a switchable target to regulate the epithelial barrier.

Tight junctions regulate epithelial barrier function and have been shown to be influenced by multiple classes of proteins. Apical integrins have been identified as potential regulators of epithelial barrier function; however, only indirect approaches have been used to measure integrin regulation of the epithelial barrier. Here, we used polymeric nanowires conjugated with anti-integrin β1 antibodies to specifically target apically localized integrins in either their closed or open conformation.

Physiological Modeling of the Vascularized Human Lung Organoid.

Studies using human lung organoids (hLO) have focused on differentiation of lung epithelial subtypes into distal alveolar unit. A major question has been whether introducing endothelial cells (EC) and resultant vascularization alter development of hLO. We describe herein a method for vessel infiltration of hLO in which we determined differences of these hLOs with standard avascular hLOs.

Adverse maternal and fetal outcomes among tribal pregnant women suffering from sickle cell disease: A retrospective cohort study in a community-based hospital situated in a tribal block of Gujarat, India.

Objective: The study presents the risk of the maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality among one of the largest cohort of sickle cell disease (SCD) pregnancies in India and reports the epidemiology of the maternal morbidity.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at Kasturba Maternity Hospital, SEWA Rural, in the tribal area of Gujarat, India. All pregnant women admitted to the Hospital between 2016 and 2021 were screened for SCD, and their maternal-fetal morbidities were recorded throughout the pregnancy.

Epigenetics of concussion: A systematic review.

Background: Concussion is the most common neurological disorder affecting millions of people globally each year. Identifying epigenetic mechanisms influencing concussion incidence, severity and recovery could provide diagnostic and prognostic insight into this injury.

Objectives: This systematic review aims to identify the epigenetic mechanisms underpinning concussion.

Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mimicking a Brain Abscess: Report of a Unique Case.

Sinonasal cancers are rare tumors with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being one of the more common histological subtypes. These carcinomas typically invade the sinus cavity from which they originate, progressively eroding surrounding bony structures and extending to adjacent anatomical regions. In rare instances, they may breach the posterior or superior walls to invade the anterior cranial fossa (ACF) and frontal lobes.

Nutrition in pediatric end-stage liver disease.

Purpose Of Review: The aim of this review is to outline recent studies relating to nutritional status and outcomes in pediatric end-stage liver disease.

Main Findings: Pediatric patients with chronic and end-stage liver disease are at high risk of malnutrition. Given additional growth demands in children and the inherent complications of chronic liver disease, achieving adequate nutrition in these patients remains a challenge.

Nanostructured NiS-based flexible smart sensors for human respiration monitoring.

The growing demand for wearable healthcare devices has led to an urgent need for cost-effective, wireless and portable breath monitoring systems. However, it is essential to explore novel nanomaterials that combine state-of-the-art flexible sensors with high performance and sensing capabilities along with scalability and industrially acceptable processing. In this study, we demonstrate a highly efficient NiS-based flexible capacitive sensor fabricated via a solution-processible route using a novel single-source precursor [Ni{SP(OPr)}].

Harnessing cellular therapeutics for type 1 diabetes mellitus: progress, challenges, and the road ahead.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a growing global health concern that affects approximately 8.5 million individuals worldwide. T1DM is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells, leading to a disruption in glucose homeostasis.

A novel partnership between lncTCF7 and SND1 regulates the expression of the TCF7 gene via recruitment of the SWI/SNF complex.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in cellular pathways and disease progression, yet their molecular mechanisms remain largely understudied. The lncRNA lncTCF7 has been shown to promote tumor progression by recruiting the SWI/SNF complex to the TCF7 promoter, activating its expression and the WNT signaling pathway. However, how lncTCF7 recruits SWI/SNF remains to be determined, and lncTCF7-specific binding partners are unknown.

Calcium phosphate nanoclusters modify periodontium remodeling and minimize orthodontic relapse.

Orthodontic relapse is one of the most prevalent concerns of orthodontic therapy. Relapse results in patients' teeth reverting towards their pretreatment positions, which increases the susceptibility to functional problems, dental disease, and substantially increases the financial burden for retreatment. This phenomenon is thought to be induced by rapid remodeling of the periodontal ligament (PDL) in the early stages and poor bone quality in the later stages.

Nanostructure-Mediated Transport of Therapeutics through Epithelial Barriers.

The ability to precisely treat human disease is facilitated by the sophisticated design of pharmacologic agents. Nanotechnology has emerged as a valuable approach to creating vehicles that can specifically target organ systems, effectively traverse epithelial barriers, and protect agents from premature degradation. In this review, we discuss the molecular basis for epithelial barrier function, focusing on tight junctions, and describe different pathways that drugs can use to cross barrier-forming tissue, including the paracellular route and transcytosis.

Effect of Diet Counseling on Nutritional Status of Chronic Respiratory Diseases Patients Enrolled in the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program in a Teaching Hospital: A Pre-Post Intervention Study.

We conducted the study to assess the effect of patient-tailored diet counseling on the nutritional status of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) patients under the pulmonary rehabilitation program from June 2021-May 2022. These patients completed 2 months of patient-tailored diet counseling sessions under the pulmonary rehabilitation program, which consisted of 4-5 interactive diet counseling sessions fortnightly. The pre- and postassessment was done using standardized outcomes: Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), body mass index (BMI), and ideal body weight.

Enhanced Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Targeting by Precision Control of DNA Scaffolded Nanoparticle Ligand Presentation.

Targeted nanoparticles have been extensively explored for their ability to deliver their payload to a selective cell population while reducing off-target side effects. The design of actively targeted nanoparticles requires the grafting of a ligand that specifically binds to a highly expressed receptor on the surface of the targeted cell population. Optimizing the interactions between the targeting ligand and the receptor can maximize the cellular uptake of the nanoparticles and subsequently improve their activity.

Perforation of Jejunal Metastasis from Primary Lung Carcinoma with Brain Metastasis: A Rare Case.

A case describes a 49-year-old male patient who underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy for small intestinal perforation. Peritonitis was present due to perforation of the jejunal tumor. Resection of the jejunal tumor with perforation was performed followed by end-to-end anastomosis of the jejunum.

Artificial urinary sphincter erosion and infection: a contemporary review of perioperative considerations and management.

Surgical treatment options have long been a part of the treatment armamentarium in the field of male stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and will continue to play an important role moving forward given the dramatic improvement they can have on a patient's quality of life and urinary tract function and control. The artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) is widely considered the gold standard treatment option for male SUI given its breadth of effectiveness in mild, moderate, and severe cases of SUI. As with any surgery, there are potential perioperative risks and complications that all patients must be aware of when weighing the pros and cons of different treatment options.

Helicobacter pylori infection does not influence the progression from gastroesophageal reflux disease to Barrett's esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: We conducted a meta-analysis evaluating the overall risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in individuals with Helicobacter pylori infection, and a network meta-analysis to assess the role of H. pylori infection in the progression from Barrett's esophagus (BE) to EAC.

Evidence Acquisition: The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched between 1988 and June 2023 for observational studies of H.

Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries in Utero: Morphological Spectrum, Outcomes and Pitfalls in Fetal Diagnosis.

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) is a rare malformation with diverse morphology. We assessed features of fetuses with ccTGA and evaluated neonatal and pediatric outcomes. This was a retrospective review of fetuses with ccTGA at Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital born from 2005 to 2019.