Glycine-β-muricholic acid antagonizes the intestinal farnesoid X receptor-ceramide axis and ameliorates NASH in mice.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a rapidly developing pathology around the world, with limited treatment options available. Some farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists have been applied in clinical trials for NASH, but side effects such as pruritus and low-density lipoprotein elevation have been reported. Intestinal FXR is recognized as a promising therapeutic target for metabolic diseases.

The association of maternal sugary beverage consumption during pregnancy and the early years with childhood sugary beverage consumption.

Objectives: A woman's food choices during pregnancy may be associated with her offspring's food choices. Several studies support an association between childhood sugary beverage (SB) consumption and poor cardiometabolic health. This study aimed to assess the association of maternal SB consumption during pregnancy and later, with her offspring's SB consumption in early infancy and childhood.

Case Report Highlighting Cardiovascular Effects of Concomitant Use of Methamphetamine and Marijuana.

We present the case of a 51-year-old male admitted for cardiovascular complications in the face of concomitant chronic methamphetamine and cannabis use. Upon further assessment, the patient exhibited cardiotoxicity, including acute to chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) exacerbation, hypercoagulable state, and electrolyte abnormalities. Cardiotoxicity secondary to chronic methamphetamine use has been established.

How to do a penile urethroplasty using a novel self-retaining penile retractor.

Effective retraction and clear exposure of urethral tissue is essential in reconstructive penile surgery. The Joshi-Kulkarni retractor provides stable, bloodless operative exposure via non-traumatic tissue compression at the base of penis. The self-retaining design of this retractor also improves ergonomics thereby reducing surgeon fatigue.

Seasonal bacterial niche structures and chemolithoautotrophic ecotypes in a North Atlantic fjord.

Quantifying the temporal change of bacterial communities is essential to understanding how both natural and anthropogenic pressures impact the functions of coastal marine ecosystems. Here we use weekly microbial DNA sampling across four years to show that bacterial phyla have distinct seasonal niches, with a richness peak in winter (i.e.

Younger Patients Do Not Develop More Advanced Polyps on Surveillance Colonoscopy Than Their Index Colonoscopy When Compared With Older Patients.

Background And Goals: Colonic polyp surveillance guidelines are based on data from patients 50 and above. Given the recent lowering for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening to age 45, the aim of this study was to assess whether existing colonic polyp surveillance guidelines are appropriate to use in younger patients.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent 2 colonoscopies within a 10-year period.

Altered HIV-1 Viral Copy Number and Gene Expression Profiles of Peripheral (CEM CCR5+) and Mucosal (A3R5.7) T Cell Lines Co-Infected with HSV-2 In Vitro.

Co-infecting pathogens have been speculated to influence Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease progression. Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 (HSV-2), another sexually transmitted pathogen, is commonly observed in individuals with HIV-1. Some clinical studies have observed an increase in HIV-1 viral copy number in HSV-2 co-infected individuals.

Residual Stress Enhancement by Laser Shock Treatment in Chromium-Alloyed Steam Turbine Blades.

In-service turbine blade failures remain a source of concern and research interest for engineers and industry professionals with attendant safety and economic implications. Very high-pressure shock impacts from laser shots represent an evolving technique currently gaining traction for surface improvement and failure mitigation in engineering components. However, the physical characteristics and effects of parameter variations on a wide range of materials are still not fully understood and adequately researched, especially from a computational point of view.

Selenocoxib-3, a novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic effectively resolves colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, chronic and relapsing colonic inflammatory disease. Despite the involvement of diverse intricate mechanisms, COX mediated inflammatory pathway is crucial in the pathophysiology of colitis. Thus, COX inhibition is imperative for managing colitis-associated inflammation.

Dual-action of colloidal ISCOMs: an optimized approach using Box-Behnken design for the management of breast cancer.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) occurs in G-protein-coupled receptors and offers targeted effects at the active sites for therapeutic action in various conditions like depression, stress, obesity and cancer. Immune stimulating complexes (ISCOMs) associate peptides with the lipid systems for enhancing antigen targeting to provide site-specific action and B-cell response. The present study focused on the encapsulation of NPY in ISCOMs to comprise dual action in the form of immunity modulation and management of breast cancer by arresting G0/G1 phase.

Metastatic Insulinoma Presenting With Postprandial Hypoglycemia.

Background/objective: Patients with an insulinoma, a type of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, typically present with fasting hypoglycemia but can rarely present exclusively with postprandial hypoglycemia.

Case Report: A 69-year-old man presented with episodes of postprandial blurry vision, sweating, and confusion for the last 2 years that were becoming more frequent over the last several weeks. Home blood glucose measurements revealed postprandial hypoglycemia (glucose level, 45-70 mg/dL), and symptoms were consistent with the Whipple triad.

β-Cyclodextrin-crosslinked synthetic neuropeptide Y-based nanosponges in epilepsy by contributing GABAergic signal.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a polypeptide sequence useful in regulating physiological functions like homeostasis, feeding, etc., but its usage is restricted due to its short half-life. β-cyclodextrin-crosslinked nanosponges improve the drug release and stability due to its wide cavity, which is helpful to deliver therapeutics.

Therapeutic Value of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Patients With Melanoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a standard staging procedure for cutaneous melanoma. Regional disease control is a clinically important therapeutic goal of surgical intervention, including nodal surgery.

Objective: To determine how frequently SLN biopsy without completion lymph node dissection (CLND) results in long-term regional nodal disease control in patients with SLN metastases.

Combining multi-marker metabarcoding and digital holography to describe eukaryotic plankton across the Newfoundland Shelf.

The planktonic diversity throughout the oceans is vital to ecosystem functioning and linked to environmental change. Plankton monitoring tools have advanced considerably with high-throughput in-situ digital cameras and genomic sequencing, opening new challenges for high-frequency observations of community composition, structure, and species discovery. Here, we combine multi-marker metabarcoding based on nuclear 18S (V4) and plastidial 16S (V4-V5) rRNA gene amplicons with a digital in-line holographic microscope to provide a synoptic diversity survey of eukaryotic plankton along the Newfoundland Shelf (Canada) during the winter transition phase of the North Atlantic bloom phenomenon.

Wandering Cancer Cells: Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Without Evidence of a Primary Tumor.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) usually presents clinically in the advanced stage including bone metastasis. However metastatic RCC without evidence of a primary tumor in the kidney is extremely rare. We herein report a case of a 70-year-old male initially evaluated for bone lesion and diagnosed with biopsy-proven metastatic clear cell RCC without a renal primary.

Therapeutic Benefits of Selenium in Hematological Malignancies.

Supplementing chemotherapy and radiotherapy with selenium has been shown to have benefits against various cancers. This approach has also been shown to alleviate the side effects associated with standard cancer therapies and improve the quality of life in patients. In addition, selenium levels in patients have been correlated with various cancers and have served as a diagnostic marker to track the efficiency of treatments or to determine whether these selenium levels cause or are a result of the disease.

Is there value in volume? An assessment of liver transplant practices in the United States since the inception of MELD.

Background: Liver transplantation has increased in volume and provides substantial survival benefit. However, there remains a need for value-based assessment of this costly procedure.

Methods: Model for end stage liver disease era adult recipients were identified using United Network for Organ Sharing Standard Transplant Analysis file data (n = 75,988) and compared across time periods (period A: February 2002 to January 2007; B: February 2007 to January 2013; C: February 2013 to January 2019).

Genotypic Characterization of Isolated From Acute Encephalitis Syndrome and Acute Febrile Illness Cases in the Gorakhpur Area, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Scrub typhus infections caused by (OT), continue to remain underdiagnosed globally, due to the lack of distinctive symptoms. The elusive nature of the Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) outbreak in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh that claimed numerous pediatric lives was the driving force of this study which involved serological diagnosis (IgM-ELISA), isolation of OT in cell culture, confirmation by PCR, and characterization by Sanger sequencing. In total, 12 out of 36 patients were seropositive, of which 4 were positive by PCR.

Heterogeneous Distribution of Genetic Mutations in Myosin Binding Protein-C Paralogs.

Myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C) is a sarcomeric protein which regulates the force of contraction in striated muscles. Mutations in the family of genes, including slow skeletal (), fast skeletal () and cardiac (), can result in cardiac and skeletal myopathies. Nonetheless, their evolutionary pattern, pathogenicity and impact on MyBP-C protein structure remain to be elucidated.

Esophagopericardial Fistula and Pneumopericardium as a Complication of Pulmonary Vein Isolation in a 62-Year-Old Man with Atrial Fibrillation: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Pulmonary vein isolation is a method of cardiac ablation therapy used to treat irregular heart rhythm, including atrial fibrillation (AF). This report presents a case of esophagopericardial fistula (EPF) and pneumopericardium as a complication of pulmonary vein isolation in a 62-year-old man with AF. CASE REPORT We report the rare case of a 62-year-old man with a medical history of persistent atrial fibrillation status after ablation 3 days prior to his initial Emergency Department visit for chest pain.

Impact of early ventricular tachycardia ablation in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: There is limited information on whether early catheter ablation (CA) for ventricular tachycardia (VT) is associated with better outcomes compared with alternative strategies in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).

Objective: The purpose of this article was to assess the efficacy of early VT CA in patients with ICD.

Methods: EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane were searched from inception to April 2022.

Oncological and urinary outcomes following low-dose-rate brachytherapy with a median follow-up of 11.8 years.

Objectives: To examine the long-term oncological outcomes and urological morbidity of low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy (LDRBT) monotherapy using live intraoperative dosimetry planning and an automated needle navigation delivery system for the treatment of men with low and intermediate-risk prostate cancer.

Patients And Methods: A prospective database of 400 consecutive patients who underwent LDRBT between July 2003 and June 2015 was retrospectively reviewed to assess urinary side-effects and biochemical progression, based on the Phoenix definition and also a definition of a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of ≥0.2 μg/L.

Seropositivity and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in a South Asian community in Ontario: a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort study.

Background: Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the South Asian community in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) was identified as having risk factors for exposure and specific barriers to accessing testing and reliable health information, rendering them particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We sought to investigate the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection among South Asian people in the GTA, and to characterize the demographic characteristics, risk perceptions and trusted sources of health information in this group.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis from the baseline assessment of participants in a prospective cohort study.