Macro, Trace and Toxic Element Composition in Liver and Meat of Broiler Chicken Associated with Cecal Microbiome Community.

The current study presents a meta-analysis of the detailed relationship between the composition of 25 essential and toxic elements in chicken tissues examined by ICP-MS and the gut microbial community analyzed using NGS techniques. The examination of chicken liver and meat revealed typical elemental compositions, called the "elementomes". The α-elementomes showed high contents of macro elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, P), majority trace elements (Sr, Se, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn) and some toxic elements (B, Pb, Ni, Cd); β-elementomes indicated accumulation of Si, V and Cr; γ-elementomes indicated accumulation of Al, As and Hg.

Broiler Chicken Cecal Microbiome and Poultry Farming Productivity: A Meta-Analysis.

The cecal microbial community plays an important role in chicken growth and development via effective feed conversion and essential metabolite production. The aim of this study was to define the microbial community's variants in chickens' ceca and to explore the most significant association between the microbiome compositions and poultry farming productivity. The meta-analysis included original data from 8 control broiler chicken groups fed with a standard basic diet and 32 experimental groups supplemented with various feed additives.

Plant-Derived Quorum Sensing Inhibitors (Quercetin, Vanillin and Umbelliferon) Modulate Cecal Microbiome, Reduces Inflammation and Affect Production Efficiency in Broiler Chickens.

Quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) are an attractive alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in farmed animal nutrition. The goal of the study was the diet supplementation of Arbor Acres chickens with quercetin (QC), vanillin (VN), and umbelliferon (UF), which are plant-derived QSIs preliminarily showing cumulative bioactivity. Chick cecal microbiomes were analyzed by 16s rRNA sequencing, inflammation status was assessed by blood sample analyses, and zootechnical data were summarized in the European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF).

Emergence of Azithromycin-Resistant Isolates Belonging to the NG-MAST Genogroup 12302 in Russia.

The goal of this work was to determine the factors affecting the emergence of azithromycin-resistant isolates in Russia, where azithromycin was never recommended for the treatment of gonococcal infections. isolates collected in 2018-2021 (428 isolates) were analyzed. No azithromycin-resistant isolates were found in 2018-2019, but in 2020-2021, a significant increase in the ratio of azithromycin-resistant isolates was observed: 16.

B Cell Profiling in Patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris.

Pemphigus vulgaris is a severe, socially significant autoimmune disease associated with autoantibodies to the desmoglein 3 antigen. The disease affects all age groups, beginning at 18 years of age; the mortality rate of pemphigus can reach as high as 50%, depending on a patient's age and a number of other factors. There is no highly selective or personalized therapy for pemphigus vulgaris at the moment.

Azithromycin Susceptibility Testing and Molecular Investigation of Isolates Collected in Russia, 2020-2021.

The aim of this work was to study the resistance to macrolides (azithromycin) in the modern Russian population of with the analysis of genetic resistance determinants. Azithromycin is not used to treat gonococcal infection in Russia. However, among 162 isolates collected in 2020-2021, 22 isolates (13.

Biochemical Atypia in Russian Clinical Isolates Belonging to the G807 NG-MAST Genogroup/ST1594 MLST.

Many current gonococcal clinical isolates in Russia show atypical taxonomically significant biochemical activity, which leads to species misidentification. Molecular typing of such cultures according multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) protocols assigned them to the G807 NG-MAST GENOGROUP/ST1594 MLST that has been predominant in Russia in recent years. The goal of the study was to analyze the molecular mechanisms of biochemical atypia in clinical isolates characterized as the members of G807 NG-MAST GENOGROUP/ST1594 MLST.

Susceptibility to β-Lactam Antibiotics and Viability of Strains Producing Plasmid-Mediated Broad- and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases.

plasmids can mediate high-level antimicrobial resistance. The emergence of clinical isolates producing plasmid β-lactamases that can hydrolyze cephalosporins, the mainstay treatment for gonorrhea, may be a serious threat. In this work, strains producing plasmid-mediated broad- and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) were obtained , and their viability and β-lactam antibiotic susceptibility were studied.

Comparative Whole-Genome Analysis of Isolates Revealed Changes in the Gonococcal Genetic Island and Specific Genes as a Link to Antimicrobial Resistance.

Comparative whole-genome analysis was performed for isolates belonging to the multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) types predominant worldwide - 225, 1407, 2400, 2992, and 4186 - and to genogroup 807, the most common genogroup in the Russian Federation. Here, for the first time, the complete genomes of 25 isolates from genogroup 807 were obtained. For NG-MAST types 225, 1407, 2400, 2992, and 4186, genomes from the Pathogenwatch database were used.

Hydrogel Droplet Microarray for Genotyping Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Isolates.

A multiplex assay based on a low-density hydrogel microarray was developed to identify genomic substitutions in that determine resistance to the currently recommended treatment agents ceftriaxone and azithromycin and the previously used drugs penicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin. The microarray identifies 74 drug resistance determinants in the  , , , , , , , , , and 23S rRNA genes. The hydrogel elements were formed by automated dispensing of nanoliter-volume droplets followed by UV-induced copolymerization of NH-containing oligonucleotides with gel-forming monomers.

Prediction of ceftriaxone MIC in Neisseria gonorrhoeae using DNA microarray technology and regression analysis.

Background: Decreased susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to extended-spectrum cephalosporins is a major concern. Elucidation of the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of such isolates is a priority task.

Methods: We developed a method for predicting the N.

Recombinant Fragment of the Extracellular Domain of Human Desmoglein 3 Fused with the Fc-Fragment of Human IgG1 Selectively Adsorbs Autoreactive Antibodies from the Sera of Pemphigus Patients.

Using the recombinant second fragment of the extracellular domain (EC2) of human desmoglein type 3 (Dsg3) as an affinity ligand, an immunosorbent was obtained that selectively binds autoreactive antibodies to this domain from the immune sera of patients with pemphigus. The EC2 protein was obtained in the form of a fusion protein with the Fc-fragment of human IgG1. The production was carried out in CHO cells using the method of transient expression.

Coumarin's Anti-Quorum Sensing Activity Can Be Enhanced When Combined with Other Plant-Derived Small Molecules.

Coumarins are class of natural aromatic compounds based on benzopyrones (2H-1-benzopyran-2-ones). They are identified as secondary metabolites in about 150 different plant species. The ability of coumarins to inhibit cell-to-cell communication in bacterial communities (quorum sensing; QS) has been previously described.

Apremilast Pharmacogenomics in Russian Patients with Moderate-to-Severe and Severe Psoriasis.

One of the target drugs for plaque psoriasis treatment is apremilast, which is a selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor. In this study, 34 moderate-to-severe and severe plaque psoriasis patients from Russia were treated with apremilast for 26 weeks. This allowed us to observe the effectiveness of splitting patient cohorts based on clinical outcomes, which were assessed using the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI).

Molecular Typing of Clinical Isolates in Russia, 2018-2019: A Link Between Alleles and NG-MAST Types.

This work aimed to study gene polymorphisms in clinical isolates of collected in Russia in 2018-2019 and the contribution of the allele type to susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics. A total of 182 isolates were analyzed. allele types were determined by sequencing, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of benzylpenicillin and ceftriaxone were measured.

A Cross-sectional Study of Plasma Trace Elements and Vitamins Content in Androgenetic Alopecia in Men.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common variant of male pattern baldness in which occurrence and development of multiple genetic, hormonal, and metabolic factors are involved. We aimed to estimate plasma element content (Mg, Ca, Zn, Cu, Se, Fe), vitamin status (B12, D, E, and folic acid) in patients with AGA using direct colorimetric tests or atomic absorption spectrometry, and the influence of these parameters in the formation of various hair loss patterns. The study included 50 patients with I-IV stages of AGA divided into two groups with normal and high levels of dihydrotestosterone compared with 25 healthy individuals.

Experimental Modeling of Leprosy in BALB/c, BALB/c Nude, CBA, and C57BL/6ТNF Mice.

Leprosy was modeled in an experiment on BALB/c, BALB/cNude, CBA, and C57BL/6ТNF mice using three Mycobacterium leprae strains obtained from patients with a diagnosis of A30 according to ICD-10 from different regions of the Russian Federation. Proliferation of M. leprae of the used strains showed a temporal-quantitative dependence on the used mouse line.

Plasma Zinc Levels in Males with Androgenetic Alopecia as Possible Predictors of the Subsequent Conservative Therapy's Effectiveness.

Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of progressive hair loss in man. The search for reliable predictors of the conservative treatment's effectiveness is an urgent problem today. Forty-eight patients with AGA, stages I-IV by the Norwood-Hamilton scale, were treated for 4 months with 5% topical minoxidil joints with corrections for trace element and vitamin imbalances.

Genetic diversity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence types in Russia and Europe.

Objectives: The goal of this work was to assess the genetic diversity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Russia and Europe and to compare the distribution of the N. gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequencing types (NG-MAST) of Russian isolates with that of isolates from European countries.

Methods: NG-MAST typing was performed for 804 N.

Plant-Derived Inhibitors of AHL-Mediated Quorum Sensing in Bacteria: Modes of Action.

Numerous gram-negative phytopathogenic and zoopathogenic bacteria utilise acylated homoserine lactone (AHL) in communication systems, referred to as quorum sensing (QS), for induction of virulence factors and biofilm development. This phenomenon positions AHL-mediated QS as an attractive target for anti-infective therapy. This review focused on the most significant groups of plant-derived QS inhibitors and well-studied individual compounds for which in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies provide substantial knowledge about their modes of anti-QS activity.

Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates to beta-lactam antibiotics (benzylpenicillin and ceftriaxone) in Russia, 2015-2017.

The goal of this work was to study the phenotypic susceptibility and resistance determinants of N. gonorrhoeae isolates to beta-lactam antimicrobials (benzylpenicillin and ceftriaxone). A total of 522 clinical isolates collected in Russia in 2015-2017 were analysed for susceptibility using the agar dilution method.

Summary and Trends of the Russian Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme, 2005 to 2016.

The Russian Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (RU-GASP) was established in 2004 and operated continuously during the years from 2005 to 2016. The aims of this study were to summarize the RU-GASP results over this 12-year period and evaluate the trends in antimicrobial resistance in Russia. In total, 5,038 verified isolates from 40 participating regions were tested for susceptibility to six antimicrobials via an agar dilution method.