Focused Epicranial Brain Stimulation by Spatial Sculpting of Pulsed Electric Fields Using High Density Electrode Arrays.

Transcranial electrical neuromodulation of the central nervous system is used as a non-invasive method to induce neural and behavioral responses, yet targeted non-invasive electrical stimulation of the brain with high spatial resolution remains elusive. This work demonstrates a focused, steerable, high-density epicranial current stimulation (HD-ECS) approach to evoke neural activity. Custom-designed high-density (HD) flexible surface electrode arrays are employed to apply high-resolution pulsed electric currents through skull to achieve localized stimulation of the intact mouse brain.

Decrease in osmotically driven water flux and transport through mangrove roots after oil spills in the presence and absence of dispersants.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of crude oil on water transport through mangroves roots in the presence and absence of dispersants. Water transport through the roots were evaluated experimentally using red mangrove root segments exposed to salt water contaminated with Louisiana crude oil for seven days in the presence and absence of Corexit 9500A (dispersant). Experimental observations were interpreted in view of the structural integrity and fouling phenomena observed on the epidermis and endodermis layers of the roots.

Adhesion strength and spreading characteristics of EPS on membrane surfaces during lateral and central growth.

Deposition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on membrane surfaces is a precursor step for bacterial attachment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the morphological changes on a clean polysulfone ultrafilration membrane after exposure to effluent from a membrane bioreactor. The effluent was filtered to remove bacteria before exposing the membrane.

Comparison of fate profiles of PAHs in soil, sediments and mangrove leaves after oil spills by QSAR and QSPR.

First order removal rates for 15 polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil, sediments and mangrove leaves were compared in relation to the parameters used in fate transport analyses (i.e., octanol-water partition coefficient, organic carbon-water partition coefficient, solubility, diffusivity in water, HOMO-LUMO gap, molecular size, molecular aspect ratio).