Host urinary biomarkers in HIV positive and HIV negative patients with tubercular uveitis and other uveitic diseases.

Purpose: To determine if host urinary biomarker profiles could distinguish between tubercular uveitis (TBU) and other uveitic diseases (OUD) in patients with and without HIV infection.

Methods: Concentrations of 29 different host biomarkers were measured in urine samples using the Luminex platform. Data were analyzed to describe differences between patients diagnosed with and without TBU and with and without HIV co-infection.

Southern African HIV Clinicians Society Guideline for the clinical management of syphilis.

Syphilis, 'the great imitator', caused by infection, remains a complex and multifaceted disease with a rich history of clinical diversity. This guideline aims to be a comprehensive guide for healthcare workers in Southern Africa, offering practical insights into the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic testing, therapeutic principles, and public health responses to syphilis. Although the syphilis burden has declined over the years, recent data indicate a troubling resurgence, particularly among pregnant women and neonates.

The prevalence of human papillomavirus in ocular surface squamous neoplasia in HIV positive and negative patients in a South African population.

Purpose: To assess the prevalence and subtypes of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive and negative patients in South Africa.

Basic Procedures: This study was a single center retrospective cross-sectional study, conducted at Tygerberg Hospital, Western Cape, South Africa. We assessed 63 histopathologically confirmed OSSN formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks from 2015-2023.

Systemic and Ocular Manifestations of Arboviral Infections: A Review.

Purpose: To provide an overview of pre-selected emerging arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) that cause ocular inflammation in humans.

Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature published between 1997 and 2023 was conducted in PubMed database. We describe current insights into epidemiology, systemic and ocular manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of arboviral diseases including West Nile fever, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Rift Valley fever, Zika, and Yellow fever.

A Review of Human Ocular RNA Virus Infections Excluding Coronavirus, Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus, and Arboviruses.

We provide an updated review of pre-selected RNA viruses causing ocular inflammation in humans. RNA viruses such as coronaviruses and arboviruses are reviewed elsewhere. A Google Scholar search was conducted to identify recent publications on ocular inflammation caused by the RNA viruses specified here.

Differences in biomarker concentrations in serum and urine of patients with Ocular Tuberculosis - A prospective descriptive study.

Purpose: To describe biomarker concentrations in serum and urine of South African patients with ocular tuberculosis (OTB).

Methods: A prospective study to compare 29 urine and serum biomarkers in 14 OTB patients at a tertiary eye clinic.

Results: Median age of participants (7 male and 7 female) was 38.

CXCL13, CXCL10 and CXCL8 as Indicators of Ocular and Neurological Involvement in Patients With Ocular Syphilis: An Observational Descriptive Study.

Aim: To investigate the role of the chemokines CXCL13, CXCL10 and CXCL8 in the diagnosis of ocular- and neurosyphilis by examining the serum, aqueous humour (AH) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with ocular syphilis.

Methods: An observational descriptive study was performed prospectively at Tygerberg Academic Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa from 1 February 2018 till 31 January 2021 which enrolled 23 participants. 14 Patients were male and 9 female, 15 patients were HIV positive, and all patients were newly diagnosed with ocular syphilis.