Nicolas Bernstein and Pyotr Anokhin: pioneers of modern psychophysiology.

The works of N.A. Bernstein on the construction of daily life movements in humans and those of P.

[Nicolas Bernstein and Pyotr Anokhin. Pioneers of modern psychophysiology].

The works of N.A. Bernstein on the construction of daily life movements in man and those of P.

Alexandre Romanovitch Luria (1902-1977). Partie I. Le psychologue.

Starting with an overview of AR Luria's biography, this article presents his work in general psychology which is key to his conception of neuropsychology (this will be developed in a forthcoming paper). A focus is made on the construction of the historical and cultural theory of psychology he developed with LS Vygotski, according to which human natural mental activities, related to their genetic evolution and shared by all humankind, are transformed into higher cortical functions (i.e.

[Ivan Pavlov (1849-1935): His life and conditional reflexes story revisited].

Historiography of IP Pavlov and his description of conditional reflexes has been thoroughly specified by the records collected between 1990-2000 by DP Todes, an American science historian specializing in Russia. The Pavlov's intent was to study the nervous processes underlying psychical activity by the conditional reflexes, not the conditioning theory. In his modeling of the higher nervous activity, he highlighted the dynamic and greatly plastic character of brain functioning as well as the functional character of some long-term behavioral disorders in dogs.

[Alexander Romanovich Luria (1902-1977). Part I. The psychologist].

Starting with an overview of AR Luria's biography, we will present his works in general psychology which are key to his conception of neuropsychology (this will be developed in a forthcoming paper). We will focus on the construction of the historical and cultural theory of psychology developed with LS Vygotski, according to which, in man, the natural mental activities, related to the genetic evolution and shared by all humankind, are transformed into higher cortical functions (that is conscious and voluntary activities) through the mediation of language and the products of social activity, thus differ according to the development of societies. We review the Luria's studies devoted to support the theory in his expeditions in Central Asia, his studies in twins and intellectual disabled children, and the demonstration of the role of speech in the child development of the higher mental activities and regulation of behavior.