The Efficacy of a Ferric Sillen Core-Linked Polymer in Suppressing the Pathogenicity of .

spp. are considered the leading bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis in the world. The development of effective intervention strategies aimed at limiting infections has encountered various challenges, including a lack of an appropriate animal model.

Investigation into the supplementation of a ferric sillen core-linked polymer on the health and physiological performance of broiler chickens.

Poultry is a ubiquitous and highly sought-after protein source valued for its accessibility, notable protein content, and lack of religious constraints. However, the demand for poultry has resulted in a surge in intensive production practices. The transition from subsistence agricultural practices to intensive food production resulted in the widespread adoption of antibiotics for both therapeutic and economic purposes.

Protein Quantitation and Analysis of Purity.

The accurate quantitation of proteins and an analysis of their purity is essential in numerous areas of scientific research and is a critical factor in many clinical applications. The large number and variety of techniques employed for this purpose is therefore not surprising. The selection of a suitable assay is dependent on such factors as the level of sensitivity required, the presence of interfering agents, and the composition of the protein itself.

Poly-Histidine-Tagged Protein Purification Using Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC).

His-tagging is the most widespread and versatile strategy used to purify recombinant proteins for biochemical and structural studies. Recombinant DNA methods are first used to engineer the addition of a short tract of poly-histidine tag (His-tag) to the N-terminus or C-terminus of a target protein. The His-tag is then exploited to enable purification of the "tagged" protein by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC).

Tagging Recombinant Proteins to Enhance Solubility and Aid Purification.

Protein fusion technology has had a major impact on the efficient production and purification of individual recombinant proteins. The use of genetically engineered affinity and solubility-enhancing polypeptide "tags" has a long history, and there is a considerable repertoire of these that can be used to address issues related to the expression, stability, solubility, folding, and purification of their fusion partner. In the case of large-scale proteomic studies, the development of purification procedures tailored to individual proteins is not practicable, and affinity tags have become indispensable tools for structural and functional proteomic initiatives that involve the expression of many proteins in parallel.

A Synopsis of Proteins and Their Purification.

The goal of protein purification is to separate a specific protein from all other biomolecules. Classical chromatographic procedures have been designed to exploit particular distinguishing features of individual target proteins, such as size, shape, physicochemical properties, and binding affinity. Advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics have positively contributed at every level to the challenge of purifying individual proteins and more recently have led to the development of high-throughput proteomic platforms.

Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone-Synergistic or Antagonistic Agri-Food Chain Co-Contaminants?

Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Zearalenone (ZEN) are two commonly co-occurring mycotoxins produced by members of the genus . As important food chain contaminants, these can adversely affect both human and animal health. Critically, as they are formed prior to harvesting, their occurrence cannot be eliminated during food production, leading to ongoing contamination challenges.

Selenised yeast sources differ in their capacity to protect porcine jejunal epithelial cells from cadmium-induced toxicity and oxidised DNA damage.

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the use of selenised yeast (Se-Y) as an antioxidant feed supplement. Here, three selenised yeast products are differentiated in terms of bioefficiency and the ameliorative effect on Cadmium (Cd) toxicity in porcine epithelial cells. A porcine digestion in vitro model was chosen to more accurately simulate the bioavailability of different Se-Y preparations, allowing a comprehensive understanding of the bio efficiency of each Se-Y compound in the porcine model.

Haemagglutinin-neuraminidase from HPIV3 mediates human NK regulation of T cell proliferation via NKp44 and NKp46.

HPIV3 is a respiratory virus causing airway diseases, including pneumonia, croup, and bronchiolitis, during infancy and childhood. Currently there is no effective vaccine or anti-viral therapy for this virus. Studies have suggested that poor T cell proliferation following HPIV3 infection is responsible for impaired immunological memory associated with this virus.

Purification of Polyhistidine-Tagged Proteins.

His-tagging is the most widespread and versatile strategy used to purify recombinant proteins for biochemical and structural studies. Recombinant DNA methods are first used to engineer the addition of a short tract of poly-histidine tag (His-tag) to the N-terminus or C-terminus of a target protein. The His-tag is then exploited to enable purification of the "tagged" protein by Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC).

Protein Quantitation and Analysis of Purity.

The accurate quantitation of proteins and an analysis of their purity are essential in numerous areas of scientific research, and is a critical factor in many clinical applications. The large number and variety of techniques employed for this purpose is therefore not surprising. The selection of a suitable assay is dependent on such factors as the level of sensitivity required, the presence of interfering agents, and the composition of the protein itself.

Tagging Recombinant Proteins to Enhance Solubility and Aid Purification.

Protein fusion technology has had a major impact on the efficient production and purification of individual recombinant proteins. The use of genetically engineered affinity and solubility-enhancing polypeptide "tags" has increased greatly in recent years and there now exists a considerable repertoire of these that can be used to solve issues related to the expression, stability, solubility, folding, and purification of their fusion partner. In the case of large-scale proteomic studies, the development of purification procedures tailored to individual proteins is not practicable, and affinity tags have therefore become indispensable tools for structural and functional proteomic initiatives that involve the expression of many proteins in parallel.

A Synopsis of Proteins and Their Purification.

The isolation of a given protein, free of all other biomolecules, is the primary objective of any protein purification scheme. Classical chromatographic procedures have been designed to exploit particular distinguishing features of individual target proteins, such as size, physicochemical properties, and binding affinity. Advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics have positively contributed at every level to the challenge of purifying individual proteins and more recently have led to the development of high-throughput proteomic platforms.

Structural behaviour and gene delivery in complexes formed between DNA and arginine-containing peptide amphiphiles.

We describe in depth the structure of complexes formed between DNA and two classes of arginine-containing peptide amphiphiles, namely, the lipopeptide PRW-C (P = proline, R = arginine, W = tryptophan, C = C16 : 0 alkyl chain) and the bolaamphiphile RFLFR (R = arginine, F = phenylalanine, L = leucine). A combination of X-ray and neutron scattering provided unprecedented insights into the local structure of these complexes. Lipopeptide-based complexes self-assembled into layered structures with large-scale fractal features, hosting DNA in the interstices.

Selenium Source Impacts Protection of Porcine Jejunal Epithelial Cells from Cadmium-Induced DNA Damage, with Maximum Protection Exhibited with Yeast-Derived Selenium Compounds.

Selenium (Se) is found in inorganic and organic forms, both of which are commonly used in animal feed supplements. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the chemical form of Se on its associated ameliorative effects on cadmium (Cd)-induced DNA damage in a porcine model. At a cellular level, Cd mediates free oxygen radical production leading in particular to DNA damage, with consequential mutagenesis and inhibition of DNA replication.

Hedgehog and Resident Vascular Stem Cell Fate.

The Hedgehog pathway is a pivotal morphogenic driver during embryonic development and a key regulator of adult stem cell self-renewal. The discovery of resident multipotent vascular stem cells and adventitial progenitors within the vessel wall has transformed our understanding of the origin of medial and neointimal vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during vessel repair in response to injury, lesion formation, and overall disease progression. This review highlights the importance of components of the Hh and Notch signalling pathways within the medial and adventitial regions of adult vessels, their recapitulation following vascular injury and disease progression, and their putative role in the maintenance and differentiation of resident vascular stem cells to vascular lineages from discrete niches within the vessel wall.

Identification and Characterization of Cyprinid Herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) Encoded MicroRNAs.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Some viruses encode their own miRNAs and these are increasingly being recognized as important modulators of viral and host gene expression. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is a highly pathogenic agent that causes acute mass mortalities in carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) and koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) worldwide.

Sequential glycan profiling at single cell level with the microfluidic lab-in-a-trench platform: a new era in experimental cell biology.

It is now widely recognised that the earliest changes that occur on a cell when it is stressed or becoming diseased are alterations in its surface glycosylation. Current state-of-the-art technologies in glycoanalysis include mass spectrometry, protein microarray formats, techniques in cytometry and more recently, glyco-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Glyco-qPCR). Techniques for the glycoprofiling of the surfaces of single cells are either limited to the analysis of large cell populations or are unable to handle multiple and/or sequential probing.

Repression of the proapoptotic cellular BIK/NBK gene by Epstein-Barr virus antagonizes transforming growth factor β1-induced B-cell apoptosis.

Unlabelled: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) establishes a lifelong latent infection in humans. EBV infection of primary B cells causes cell activation and proliferation, a process driven by the viral latency III gene expression program, which includes EBV nuclear proteins (EBNAs), latent membrane proteins, and untranslated RNAs, including microRNAs. Some latently infected cells enter the long-lived memory B-cell compartment and express only EBNA1 transiently (Lat I) or no EBV protein at all (Lat 0).

Syntaxin-4 is essential for IgE secretion by plasma cells.

The humoral immune system provides a crucial first defense against the invasion of microbial pathogens via the secretion of antigen specific immunoglobulins (Ig). The secretion of Ig is carried out by terminally differentiated B-lymphocytes called plasma cells. Despite the key role of plasma cells in the immune response, the mechanisms by which they constitutively traffic large volumes of Ig out of the cell is poorly understood.

Investigational Notch and Hedgehog inhibitors--therapies for cardiovascular disease.

Introduction: During the past decade, a variety of Notch and Hedgehog pathway inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of several cancers. An emerging paradigm suggests that these same gene regulatory networks are often recapitulated in the context of cardiovascular disease and may now offer an attractive target for therapeutic intervention.

Areas Covered: This article briefly reviews the profile of Notch and Hedgehog inhibitors that have reached the preclinic and clinic for cancer treatment and discusses the clinical issues surrounding targeted use of these inhibitors in the treatment of vascular disorders.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta positively regulates Notch signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells: role in cell proliferation and survival.

The role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) in modulating Notch control of vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) growth (proliferation and apoptosis) was examined in vitro under varying conditions of cyclic strain and validated in vivo following changes in medial tension and stress. Modulation of GSK-3β in vSMC following ectopic expression of constitutively active GSK-3β, siRNA knockdown and pharmacological inhibition with SB-216763 demonstrated that GSK-3β positively regulates Notch intracellular domain expression, CBF-1/RBP-Jκ transactivation and downstream target gene mRNA levels, while concomitantly promoting vSMC proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. In contrast, inhibition of GSK-3β attenuated Notch signaling and decreased vSMC proliferation and survival.

Bfl-1 is a crucial pro-survival nuclear factor-κB target gene in Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells.

Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (H/RS) cells are believed to represent clonal progeny of Germinal Centre B cells that have escaped negative selection by evading apoptosis. Aberrant constitutive activity of the transcription factor NF-κB plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL), conferring a survival advantage on H/RS cells. Bfl-1 is a pro-survival NF-κB target gene from the Bcl-2 family of apoptosis-regulating proteins.