How the magnitude and precision of pain predictions shape pain experiences.

Background: In Bayesian models including predictive processing, the magnitude and precision of pain expectancies are key determinants of perception. However, relatively few studies have directly tested whether this holds for pain, and results so far have been inconclusive. Here, we investigated expectancy effects on pain experiences and associated affective responses.

CFTR and colorectal cancer susceptibility: an urgent need for further studies.

Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene result in cystic fibrosis, a multiorgan disease characterized by aberrant epithelial cell fluid secretion. Recent studies describe a connection between CFTR malfunctioning and a heightened susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we outline these links and suggest directions for further studies.

The role of self-reported and physiological stress in nocebo hyperalgesia.

Negative expectations can increase pain sensitivity, leading to nocebo hyperalgesia. However, the physiological and psychological factors that predispose individuals to this phenomenon are still not well understood. The present study examined whether stress induced by a social stressor affects nocebo hyperalgesia, and whether this effect is mediated by self-reported and physiological stress responses.

Investigating inequalities in cancer staging and survival for adults with intellectual or developmental disabilities and cancer: A population-based study in Manitoba, Canada.

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death among adults living with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD). However, few epidemiological studies exist worldwide quantifying inequalities in cancer stage at diagnosis and survival for people with IDD relative to those without IDD.

Methods: A population-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted using provincial health and social administrative data in Manitoba, Canada.

Stage IV breast, colorectal, and lung cancer at diagnosis in adults living with intellectual or developmental disabilities: A population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death among people living with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD). Although studies have documented lower cancer screening rates, there is limited epidemiological evidence quantifying potential diagnostic delays. This study explores the risk of metastatic cancer stage for people with IDD compared to those without IDD among breast (female), colorectal, and lung cancer patients in Canada.

How should uncertainty about upcoming painful procedures be communicated? An experimental study into highly uncertain pain predictions.

Objective: Uncertainty is unavoidable in the context of painful medical procedures. It is important to investigate the impact of different ways of communicating uncertainty on upcoming pain.

Methods: In our exploratory study, healthy participants (n = 30) were repeatedly presented with three highly uncertain pain predictions communicated by a hypothetical doctor.

Influencing the Insulin System by Placebo Effects in Patients With Diabetes Type 2 and Healthy Controls: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate whether placebo effect induced by pharmacological conditioning with intranasal insulin can affect glucose, insulin, C-peptide, hunger, and memory in patients with diabetes type 2 and healthy controls.

Methods: Placebo effect was induced by pharmacological conditioning. Thirty-two older patients (mean age = 68.

Measuring Personality Systems in Older Adults: Age-Neutrality of the Dutch BIS/BAS Questionnaire.

Introduction: With a rapidly aging population, age-neutrality of psychological instruments is becoming ever more important for accurate assessment of older adults. This study aims to test the age-neutrality of the Dutch Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Approach System (BIS/BAS) scales by means of Differential Item Functioning (DIF) and Differential Test Functioning (DTF) analyses.

Methods: DIF and DTF analyses were conducted using an odds ratio approach.

Intracellular and intercellular transport of RNA organelles in CXG repeat disorders: The strength of weak ties.

RNA is a vital biomolecule, the function of which is tightly spatiotemporally regulated. RNA organelles are biological structures that either membrane-less or surrounded by membrane. They are produced by the all the cells and indulge in vital cellular mechanisms.

The effects of early pregnancy loss on health outcomes and health care utilization and costs.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of early pregnancy loss on subsequent health care use and costs.

Data Sources: Linked administrative health databases from Manitoba, Canada.

Study Design: This was a population-based cohort study.

Prevalence and clinical, social, and health care predictors of miscarriage.

Background: Pregnancy loss is common and several factors (e.g. chromosomal anomalies, parental age) are known to increase the risk of occurrence.

Sorghum Growth Promotion by and : Putative Mechanisms Revealed by Genomics and Metagenomics.

Bacteria from the genera and can promote the growth of , but the underlying mechanisms are not yet known. In a pot experiment, sorghum plants grown on sterilized substrate were inoculated with strain IAC/BECa 135 and strain IAC/BECa 152 under phosphate-deficient conditions. These strains significantly increased cultivar SRN-39 root and shoot biomass.

In Utero Antidepressants and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Kindergarteners.

Objectives: To determine if in utero selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or selective serotonin norepinephrine inhibitor (SNRI) exposure is associated with developmental vulnerability in kindergarten among children whose mothers were diagnosed with prenatal mood or anxiety disorder.

Methods: Linkable administrative data were used to create a population-based cohort of 266 479 mother-child dyads of children born in Manitoba, Canada, between 1996 and 2014, with follow-up through 2015. The sample was restricted to mothers who had a mood or anxiety disorder diagnosis between 90 days before conception ( = 13 818).

Latent tuberculosis treatment completion rates from prescription drug administrative data.

Objective: In the province of Manitoba, Canada, given that latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment is provided at no cost to the patient, treatment completion rates should be optimal. The objective of this study was to estimate LTBI treatment completion using prescription drug administrative data and identify patient characteristics associated with completion.

Methods: Prescription drug data (1999-2014) were used to identify individuals dispensed isoniazid (INH) or rifampin (RIF) monotherapy.

The Association of Inadequate and Intensive Prenatal Care With Maternal, Fetal, and Infant Outcomes: A Population-Based Study in Manitoba, Canada.

Objective: Little is known about how prenatal care influences health outcomes in Canada. The objective of this study was to examine the association of prenatal care utilization with maternal, fetal, and infant outcomes in Manitoba.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study conducted at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy investigated all deliveries of singleton births from 2004-2005 to 2008-2009 (N = 67 076).

Inequities in utilization of prenatal care: a population-based study in the Canadian province of Manitoba.

Background: Ensuring high quality and equitable maternity services is important to promote positive pregnancy outcomes. Despite a universal health care system, previous research shows neighborhood-level inequities in utilization of prenatal care in Manitoba, Canada. The purpose of this population-based retrospective cohort study was to describe prenatal care utilization among women giving birth in Manitoba, and to determine individual-level factors associated with inadequate prenatal care.

Comparing the Effect of Throughput and Output Factors on Emergency Department Crowding: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study.

Study Objective: This study compares how throughput and output factors affect emergency department (ED) median waiting room time.

Methods: Administrative health care use records were used to identify all daytime (8 am to 8 pm) visits made to adult EDs in Winnipeg, Canada, between April 1, 2012, and March 31, 2013. First, we measured the waiting room time (from patient registration until transfer into the ED) of each index visit (incoming patient).

An ED paradox: patients who arrive by ambulance and then leave without consulting an ED provider.

Background: Scientists have called for strategies to identify ED patients with unmet needs. We identify the unique profile of ED patients who arrive by ambulance and subsequently leave without consulting a provider (ie, a paradoxical visit, PV).

Methods: Using a retrospective cohort design, administrative data from Winnipeg, Manitoba were interrogated to identify all ED patients 17+ years old as having zero, single or multiple PVs in 2012/2013.

How domestication modulates play behavior: a comparative analysis between wild rats and a laboratory strain of Rattus norvegicus.

Laboratory rats have been widely used to study the development and neural underpinnings of play behavior. However, it is not known whether domestic rats play in the same way and at the same frequency as their wild counterparts. In this study, the play of juvenile rats from a colony of wild rats maintained in captivity was compared to that of a strain of domesticated rats (e.

Frequent users of emergency departments: developing standard definitions and defining prominent risk factors.

Study Objective: We identify factors that define frequent and highly frequent emergency department (ED) users.

Methods: Administrative health care records were used to define less frequent (1 to 6 visits), frequent (7 to 17 visits), and highly frequent (≥18 visits) ED users. Analyses were conducted to determine the most unique demographic, disease, and health care use features of these groups.

Socio-economic inequities in children's injury rates: has the gradient changed over time?

Introduction: Changing socio-economic gradients in adult health over time have been documented, but little research has investigated temporal changes in child health gradients. Childhood hospitalizations for injury have fallen over the last two decades; whether the socio-economic gradient in childhood injury has changed is unknown.

Methods: Population-based hospital discharge data were used to calculate rates of hospitalization for injury from 1986/87 through 2005/06 for all children under 20 years of age in Manitoba (average yearly number of hospitalizations = 326,357).

Simple 2,4-diacylphloroglucinols as classic transient receptor potential-6 activators--identification of a novel pharmacophore.

The naturally occurring acylated phloroglucinol derivative hyperforin was recently identified as the first specific canonical transient receptor potential-6 (TRPC6) activator. Hyperforin is the major antidepressant component of St. John's wort, which mediates its antidepressant-like properties via TRPC6 channel activation.