Early gestational profiling of oxidative stress and angiogenic growth mediators as predictive, preventive and personalised (3P) medical approach to identify suboptimal health pregnant mothers likely to develop preeclampsia.

Background: regnant women, particularly in developing countries are facing a huge burden of preeclampsia (PE) leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. This is due to delayed diagnosis and unrecognised early targeted preventive measures. Adapting innovative solutions via shifting from delayed to early diagnosis of PE in the context of predictive diagnosis, targeted prevention and personalisation of medical care (PPPM/3 PM) is essential.