Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management of Painful Scar: A Narrative Review.

Painful scars can develop after surgery or trauma, with symptoms ranging from a minor itch to intractable allodynia. The problem of the painful scar may involve both intraneural and extraneural structures, requiring a systematic approach to diagnosis and treatment of this neuropathic pain condition that can impact quality of life and function profoundly. In this review, we outline the algorithm for the diagnosis, management, medical and surgical treatment of painful scars.

Loss of resistance technique for paravertebral nerve blockade using the Episure Autodetect Syringe--a case report.

Introduction: Postoperative pain is a frequent occurrence following breast surgery. Some authors have reported the incidence of postoperative pain following mastectomy and breast reconstruction to be as high as 50% when general anesthesia and intravenous narcotics are the primary anesthetic. An alternative anesthetic technique for breast surgery and postoperative analgesia is paravertebral nerve blockade (PVB).