Causal association between brain structure and obstructive sleep apnea: A mendelian randomization study.

Objective: Previous studies have reported contradictory findings regarding the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and abnormal brain morphology. Furthermore, the causal relationship between OSA and brain morphology has not been clearly established. The aim of this study was to utilize Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on brain morphology and determine its potential causal relationship.

Sorl1 knockout inhibits expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor: involvement in the development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease.

Sortilin-related receptor 1 () is a critical gene associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. SORL1 contributes to the development and progression of this neurodegenerative condition by affecting the transport and metabolism of intracellular β-amyloid precursor protein. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of in the pathogenesis of late-onset Alzheimer's disease, in this study, we established a mouse model of gene knockout using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 technology.

Identification and verification of genes associated with hypoxia microenvironment in Alzheimer's disease.

As the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases year by year, more people begin to study this disease. In recent years, many studies on reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuroinflammation, autophagy, and other fields have confirmed that hypoxia is closely related to AD. However, no researchers have used bioinformatics methods to study the relationship between AD and hypoxia.

Machine learning models identify ferroptosis-related genes as potential diagnostic biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, and multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. Previous studies have revealed that oxidative stress, synaptic toxicity, autophagy, and neuroinflammation play crucial roles in the progress of AD, however, its pathogenesis is still unclear. Recent researches have indicated that ferroptosis, an iron-dependent programmed cell death, might be involved in the pathogenesis of AD.

Cilostazol for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Purpose: Delayed cerebral ischemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Cilostazol, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3, was reported to reduce cerebral vasospasm and improve outcomes. We aimed to conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of cilostazol in aSAH.

[Investigation of anxiety and depression in patients from the emergency department during COVID-19 epidemic].

Objective: To investigate the status of anxiety and depression in patients requiring emergency treatment during the epidemic of COVID-19 to identify the patients with acute psychological stress disorder.

Methods: During the COVID-19 epidemic, the medical staff divided the patients visiting the emergency department into suspected group, fever group and control group through interview of the patients at triage. Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were distributed to each patient, and a trained medical staff was responsible for assisting the patient to complete the scales.

Novel and Recurring NOTCH3 Mutations in Two Chinese Patients with CADASIL.

Background: Cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an autosomal-dominant, inherited, systemic, vascular disorder primarily involving the small arteries. It is characterized by migraine, recurrent ischemic strokes, cognitive decline, and dementia. Mutations in the Notch receptor 3 gene (NOTCH3) and the HtrA serine peptidase 1 gene (HTRA1) are 2 genetic causes for CADASIL.

The role of neurovascular unit damage in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with progressive cognitive impairment. It is the most common type of senile dementia, accounting for 65%-70% of senile dementia [Alzheimer's Association (2016). 2016 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures.

Comparative Epidemiological Investigation of Alzheimer's Disease and Colorectal Cancer: The Possible Role of Gastrointestinal Conditions in the Pathogenesis of AD.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects approximately 35 million people worldwide, and diet has been reported to influence the prevalence/incidence of AD. Colorectal cancer is among the most common cancers in Western populations, and the correlation between constipation and the occurrence of colorectal cancer has been identified in a number of studies, which show that a Westernized diet is a mutual risk factor. Constipation is a growing health problem, particularly in middle-aged and older adults.

Eight-and-a-Half Syndrome: A Combination of Intracranial Capillary Telangiectasia and Hematencephalon.

Eight-and-a-half syndrome, a combination of one-and-a-half syndrome and ipsilateral facial palsy, was first described by Eggenberger in 1998. Intracranial capillary telangiectasia (ICT) is a rare type of latent cerebral vascular malformation characterized by a number of small, dilated, and thin-walled blood capillaries with normal brain tissues between them. Susceptibility weighted imaging is the recommended diagnostic method to detect ICT.

[Verification of a sporadic Alzheimer disease model in SORL1 gene knockout mice].

Objective: To compare the behavioral and pathological features of SORL1 gene knockout mice with those of normal mice and APP/PSE1 mice to verify the feasibility of using SORL1 knockout mice as a model of sporadic Alzheimer disease.

Methods: SORL1 gene of fertilized mouse eggs were edited using Crispr/Case9 technique. SORL1 mice were screened and identified by detecting the DNA sequence, and Western blotting was used to detect the expression of SORL1.

Role of miR-181a in the process of apoptosis of multiple malignant tumors: A literature review.

It has been recognized that miR-181a expression is dysregulated and intimately associated with clinical prognosis in a variety of human cancers. However, the direct role of miR-181a in tumor progression has been elusive. Moreover, mounting evidence has demonstrated that cellular apoptosis, a physiological process of programmed cell death, is disrupted in various categories of human malignancies.

[Establishment of a new cell model mimicking Alzheimer's disease by knocking down expression].

Objective: To establish a cell model mimicking Alzheimer's disease (AD) by knocking down gene and compare the viability, apoptosis, and expressions of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in this model with a traditional Alzheimer's disease cell model.

Methods: A traditional cell model of AD was established by inducing N2a cells with Aβ25-35, and the optimal Aβ25-35 concentration was determined by assessing the cell viability changes. Another cell model of AD was established by transfecting N2a cells with -shRNA lentiviral vector, and expression in the transfected cells were detected using Western blotting and qRT-PCR.

Genetic Variations of Oxidative Stress Related Genes ALOX5, ALOX5AP and MPO Modulate Ischemic Stroke Susceptibility Through Main Effects and Epistatic Interactions in a Chinese Population.

Background/aims: To investigate the roles of the oxidative stress related-genes ALOX5, ALOX5AP and MPO in ischemic stroke susceptibility in the Han Chinese population.

Methods: A total of 351 ischemic stroke patients and 417 controls were recruited. The ALOX5 rs10900213, ALOX5AP rs4293222 and MPO rs2107545 gene polymorphisms were genotyped.

[Protective effect of butylphthalide in a cell model of Alzheimer's disease induced by Aβ25-35 in Neuro 2a cells].

Objective: To study the protective effect of butylphthalide in a cell model of Alzheimer's disease(AD) induced by Aβ25-35 in Neuro 2a (N2a) cells.

Methods: N2a cells were divided into AD group, butylphthalide (NBP) group and control group. AD cell model was established by adding 20 µmol/L Aβ25-35 to cultured N2a cells.

[Research progress of depression and the application of esketamine].

The pathogenesis and etiology of still remain unknown. Current evidence suggests that the occurrence of depression may be related to a reduced secretion of neurotransmitters, neuronal apoptosis, inflammation, intestinal flora and other factors. Although the commonly used antidepressants such as SSRIs, SNRIs, NaSSA, and SARIs produce some therapeutic effects, they fail to relieve the full spectrum of the symptoms of depression.

[Correlation between serum adiponectin level and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease].

Objective: To investigate serum adiponectin level in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its correlation with the patients' cognitive function.

Methods: This case-control study was conducted in 90 patients with a highly probable diagnosis ofAD, who were divided into mild, moderate and severe group saccording to the MMSE score. Ninety healthy subjects matched for age and gender with the AD patients were selected as the control group.

Efficacy and safety of a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor octohydroaminoacridine in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: a Phase II multicenter randomised controlled trial.

Background: inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been a effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Octohydroaminoacridine, a new AChE inhibitor, is a potential treatment for AD.

Method: we conducted a multicenter, randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group Phase II clinical trial to investigate the effects of octohydroaminoacridine in patients with mild-to-moderate AD.

Krüppel-like factor 4 regulates amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, is characterized by extracellular deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, and neuro-inflammatory processes mediated by microglial activation are known to play a pivotal role in AD. However, the expression pattern and function of Krüppel-like factor (KLF) 4 in AD remain unknown. In this study, KLF4 was found to be increased at both the gene and protein levels in response to incubation with oligomeric Aβ42 in a dose-dependent manner in BV2 microglial cells.

Mutant presenilin2 promotes apoptosis through the p53/miR-34a axis in neuronal cells.

Neurodegenerative disorders have attracted attention in last decades due to their high incidence in the world. The p53/miR-34a axis triggers apoptosis and suppresses viability in multiple types of cells, but little is known about its role in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we showed that presenilin (PS)-2, a major gene associated with familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) could trigger the apoptosis through the p53/miR-34a axis in PC12 cells.

Role of ABC transporters in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease.

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily is a large family of proteins that transport specific molecules across membranes. These proteins are associated with both cholesterol metabolism and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cholesterol homeostasis has a key role in AD, and ABC transporters are important mediators of lipid transportation.

Evaluation of the Obesity Genes FTO and MC4R for Contribution to the Risk of Large Artery Atherosclerotic Stroke in a Chinese Population.

Background: Obesity is a well-established risk factor for large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke. The aim of the study was to explore whether obesity genes, such as MC4R and FTO, contribute to LAA stroke risk in the Chinese Han population.

Methods: 322 LAA stroke patients and 473 controls were recruited.

Relationship between the gene polymorphisms of kallikrein-kinin system and Alzheimer's disease in a Hunan Han Chinese population.

This study aimed to determine the connection between polymorphisms of kallikrein kinin system including KLK1 (rs5516), KNG1 (rs710446, rs2304456) and ACE (rs4291, rs4309, rs4343) and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). The research was conducted as a case-control study, comprising 201 AD patients in the AD group, and 257 healthy subjects as the control group. PCR amplification and matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) were used to detect the six polymorphisms (rs5516 in KLK1; rs710446, rs2304456 in KNG1; rs4291, rs4309, rs4343 in ACE) from both groups.

Mir-181b Functions as Anti-Apoptotic Gene in Post-Status Epilepticus via Modulation of Nrarp and Notch Signaling Pathway.

Background: The expression pattern and function of miRs in the post-status epilepticus (SE) rat are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of miR-181b in the post- SE rat.

Methods: The lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats.