Protocol for a discrete choice experiment: understanding preferences for seeking health services for survivors of sexual violence in Uganda.

Introduction: Sexual violence is a significant public health concern with severe physical, social and psychological consequences, which can be mitigated by health service utilisation. However, in Uganda and much of sub-Saharan Africa, these services are significantly underused, with 9 out of 10 survivors not seeking care due to a range of psychological, cultural, economic and logistical factors. Thus, there is a strong need for research to improve health service utilisation for survivors of sexual violence.

Associations between intimate partner violence and women's labor market outcomes in Nigeria.

Background: Little is known regarding economic impacts of intimate partner violence (IPV) in humanitarian settings, especially the labor market burden. Examining costs of IPV beyond the health burden may provide new information to help with resource allocation for addressing IPV, including within conflict zones. This paper measures the incidence and prevalence of different types of IPV, the potential relationship between IPV and labor market activity, and estimating the cost of these IPV-associated labor market differentials.

infection across the lifespan: Estimation using life tables.

Using a life tables approach with 2011-2017 claims data, we calculated lifetime risks of infection (CDI) beginning at age 18 years. The lifetime CDI risk rates were 32% in female patients insured by Medicaid, 10% in commercially insured male patients, and almost 40% in females with end-stage renal disease.

Associations between Medicaid enrollment and diagnosis stage and survival among pediatric cancer patients.

Background: Medicaid-associated disparities in childhood and adolescent (pediatric) cancer diagnosis stage and survival have been reported. However, a key limitation of prior studies is the assessment of health insurance at a single time point. To evaluate Medicaid-associated disparities more robustly, we used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicaid linked data to examine diagnosis stage and survival disparities in those (i) Medicaid-enrolled and (ii) with discontinuous and continuous Medicaid enrollment.

Medicare Data Linkages for Conducting Patient-Centered Outcomes Research on Economic Outcomes.

Background: Medicare patients and other stakeholders often make health care decisions that have economic consequences. Research on economic variables that patients have identified as important is referred to as patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) and can generate evidence that informs decision-making. Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) claims are widely used for research and are a potentially valuable resource for studying some economic variables, particularly when linked to other datasets.

Pediatric cancer patient emergency department visits and disposition by sociodemographic and economic characteristics.

Background: Limited research has been conducted on cancer-related emergency department (ED) patterns among pediatric cancer patients, including whether there are differences in the characteristics of individuals who seek ED care for cancer complications. The objectives of this study were to determine whether rates and disposition of cancer-related ED visits and hospital admissions in childhood cancer patients differ by sociodemographic factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of ED encounters with a cancer diagnosis code among patients aged 0-19 years from the 2019 National Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) was conducted.

Federal Data for Conducting Patient-centered Outcomes Research on Economic Outcomes.

Background: Patients are increasingly interested in data on the economic burdens and impacts of health care choices; caregivers, employers, and payers are also interested in these costs. Although there have been various federal investments into patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR), an assessment of the coverage and gaps in federally funded data for PCOR economic evaluations has not been produced to date.

Objectives: To classify relevant categories of PCOR economic costs, to assess current federally funded data for coverage of these categories, and to identify gaps for future research and collection.

Disparities in survival improvement for U.S. childhood and adolescent cancer between 1995 and 2019: An analysis of population-based data.

Background: Although treatment advances have increased childhood and adolescent cancer survival, whether patient subgroups have benefited equally from these improvements is unclear.

Methods: Data on 42,865 malignant primary cancers diagnosed between 1995 and 2019 in individuals ≤ 19 years were obtained from 12 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for cancer-specific mortality by age group (0-14 and 15-19 years), sex, and race/ethnicity were estimated using flexible parametric models with a restricted cubic spline function in each of the periods: 2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2014 and 2015-2019, versus 1995-1999.

Health Insurance Coverage and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in US Childhood and Adolescent Cancer Survival.

Objective: To evaluate potential effect modification by health insurance coverage on racial and ethnic disparities in cancer survival among US children and adolescents.

Study Design: Data from 54 558 individuals diagnosed with cancer at ≤ 19 years between 2004 and 2010 were obtained from the National Cancer Database. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for analyses.

Excess hospital costs incurred by individuals with child abuse and neglect history in South Australia: A birth-cohort study.

Child abuse and neglect is a serious public health issue across the globe, with documented impacts on health, but the impact on hospital costs, at the population level, is unknown. We aimed to estimate the additional public hospital costs for emergency department visits and admitted patient hospitalizations, for persons with reported child protection concerns, from birth to 31 years and modelled to age 65. Using linked hospital data from 2003 to 2017 for a population birth-cohort of all individuals born in South Australia from 1986 to 2017, we estimated costs of public hospital care.

Scaling-up Child and Youth Mental Health Services: Assessing Coverage of a County-Wide Prevention and Early Intervention Initiative During One Fiscal Year.

Purpose: In the U.S., the percentage of youth in need of evidence-based mental health practices (EBPs) who receive them (i.

Economic Evaluation of Ultrasound-guided Central Venous Catheter Confirmation vs Chest Radiography in Critically Ill Patients: A Labor Cost Model.

Introduction: Despite evidence suggesting that point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is faster and non-inferior for confirming position and excluding pneumothorax after central venous catheter (CVC) placement compared to traditional radiography, millions of chest radiographs (CXR) are performed annually for this purpose. Whether the use of POCUS results in cost savings compared to CXR is less clear but could represent a relative advantage in implementation efforts. Our objective in this study was to evaluate the labor cost difference for POCUS-guided vs CXR-guided CVC position confirmation practices.

Divergent preferences for enhanced HIV testing options among high-risk populations in northern Tanzania: a short report.

To achieve the UNAIDS target of diagnosing 95% of all persons living with HIV, enhanced HIV testing services with greater attractional value need to be developed and implemented. We conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to quantify preferences for enhanced HIV testing features across two high-risk populations in the Kilimanjaro Region in northern Tanzania. We designed and fielded a survey with 12 choice tasks to systematically recruited female barworkers and male mountain porters.

The impact of health insurance coverage on racial/ethnic disparities in US childhood and adolescent cancer stage at diagnosis.

Background: Racial/ethnic minority children and adolescents are more likely to have an advanced cancer diagnosis compared with non-Hispanic Whites, which may relate to the lack of consistent health care access. This study aims to describe racial/ethnic disparities in cancer diagnosis stage among children and adolescents and assess whether health insurance mediates these disparities.

Methods: Data on individuals ≤19 years of age diagnosed with primary cancers from 2007 to 2016 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database.

Association of Inappropriate Outpatient Pediatric Antibiotic Prescriptions With Adverse Drug Events and Health Care Expenditures.

Importance: Nonguideline antibiotic prescribing for the treatment of pediatric infections is common, but the consequences of inappropriate antibiotics are not well described.

Objective: To evaluate the comparative safety and health care expenditures of inappropriate vs appropriate oral antibiotic prescriptions for common outpatient pediatric infections.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study included children aged 6 months to 17 years diagnosed with a bacterial infection (suppurative otitis media [OM], pharyngitis, sinusitis) or viral infection (influenza, viral upper respiratory infection [URI], bronchiolitis, bronchitis, nonsuppurative OM) as an outpatient from April 1, 2016, to September 30, 2018, in the IBM MarketScan Commercial Database.

Grandi Byen-supporting child growth and development through integrated, responsive parenting, nutrition and hygiene: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Poor child growth and development outcomes stem from complex relationships encompassing biological, behavioral, social, and environmental conditions. However, there is a dearth of research on integrated approaches targeting these interwoven factors. The Grandi Byen study seeks to fill this research gap through a three-arm longitudinal randomized controlled trial which will evaluate the impact of an integrated nutrition, responsive parenting, and WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) intervention on holistic child growth and development.