Vcam1+ Fibro-adipogenic Progenitors Mark Fatty Infiltration in Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia.

Skeletal muscle health and function is a critical determinant of clinical outcomes in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Herein, we identify fatty infiltration, the ectopic deposition of adipocytes in skeletal muscle, as a histological hallmark of end-stage PAD, also known as chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI). Leveraging single cell transcriptome mapping in mouse models of PAD, we identify a pro-adipogenic mesenchymal stromal cell population marked by expression of Vcam1 (termed Vcam1+ FAPs) that expands in the ischemic limb.

Bulk and single-cell transcriptome datasets of the mouse fetal and adult rete ovarii and surrounding tissues.

The rete ovarii (RO) is an epithelial structure that arises during development in close proximity to the ovary and persists throughout adulthood. However, the functional significance of the RO remains elusive, and it is absent from recent discussions of female reproductive anatomy. The RO comprises three regions: the intraovarian rete within the ovary, the extraovarian rete in the periovarian tissue, and the connecting rete linking the two.

Transcriptome analysis of the mouse fetal and adult rete ovarii and surrounding tissues.

The rete ovarii (RO) is an epithelial structure that arises during fetal development in close proximity to the ovary and persists throughout adulthood in mice. However, the functional significance of the RO remains elusive, and it has been absent from recent discussions of female reproductive anatomy. The RO comprises three distinct regions: the intraovarian rete (IOR) within the ovary, the extraovarian rete (EOR) in the periovarian tissue, and the connecting rete (CR) linking the EOR and IOR.

Skeletal muscle regeneration failure in ischemic-damaged limbs is associated with pro-inflammatory macrophages and premature differentiation of satellite cells.

Background: Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), a severe manifestation of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), is associated with a 1-year limb amputation rate of approximately 15-20% and substantial mortality. A key feature of CLTI is the compromised regenerative ability of skeletal muscle; however, the mechanisms responsible for this impairment are not yet fully understood. In this study, we aim to delineate pathological changes at both the cellular and transcriptomic levels, as well as in cell-cell signaling pathways, associated with compromised muscle regeneration in limb ischemia in both human tissue samples and murine models of CLTI.

The Effects of Static Stretching Intensity on Range of Motion and Strength: A Systematic Review.

The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence on the outcomes of using different intensities of static stretching on range of motion (ROM) and strength. PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane controlled trials databases were searched between October 2021 and February 2022 for studies that examined the effects of different static stretching intensities on range of motion and strength. Out of 6285 identified records, 18 studies were included in the review.

Acute appetite and eating behaviour responses to apparatus-free, high-intensity intermittent exercise in inactive women with excess weight.

High-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) has been shown to transiently suppress appetite, but such exercise has traditionally required the use of specialist apparatus (e.g., cycle ergometer).

HiCAR is a robust and sensitive method to analyze open-chromatin-associated genome organization.

The long-range interactions of cis-regulatory elements (cREs) play a central role in gene regulation. cREs can be characterized as accessible chromatin sequences. However, it remains technically challenging to comprehensively identify their spatial interactions.

Development and Initial Validation of the Humor Climate in Sport Scale.

In sport teams, humor is an essential element that influences communication processes, and plays an important role in group dynamics. Despite this, no current instrument is presented in the literature to measure humor climate in sport teams. Therefore, the current study presents the development and initial validation of the Humor Climate in Sport Scale (HCSS).

Predicting field-goal success according to offensive, defensive and contextual variables in elite men's wheelchair basketball.

The purposes of this study were to (i) develop a field-goal shooting performance analysis template and (ii) explore the impact of each identified variable upon the likely outcome of a field-goal attempt using binary logistic regression modelling in elite men's wheelchair basketball. First, a field-goal shooting performance analysis template was developed that included 71 Action Variables (AV) grouped within 22 Categorical Predictor Variables (CPV) representing offensive, defensive and game context variables. Second, footage of all 5,105 field-goal attempts from 12 teams during the men's 2016 Rio De Janeiro Paralympic Games wheelchair basketball competition were analysed using the template.

Making Every "Point" Count: Identifying the Key Determinants of Team Success in Elite Men's Wheelchair Basketball.

Wheelchair basketball coaches and researchers have typically relied on box score data and the Comprehensive Basketball Grading System to inform practice, however, these data do not acknowledge how the dynamic perspectives of teams change, vary and adapt during possessions in relation to the outcome of a game. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the key dynamic variables associated with team success in elite men's wheelchair basketball and explore the impact of each key dynamic variable upon the outcome of performance through the use of binary logistic regression modeling. The valid and reliable template developed Francis et al.

A New Reliable Performance Analysis Template for Quantifying Action Variables in Elite Men's Wheelchair Basketball.

This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable performance analysis template for quantifying team action variables in elite men's wheelchair basketball. First action variables and operational definitions were identified by the authors and verified by an expert panel of wheelchair basketball coaching staff in order to establish expert validity. A total of 109 action variable were then placed into 17 agreed Categorical Predictor Variable categories.

Preliminary evidence of reductive stress in human cytotoxic T cells following exercise.

This study investigated immunophenotypic differences in intracellular thiol redox state of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from trained [ n = 9, means ± SD: age 28 ± 5 yr; (body mass index) BMI 23.2 ± 2.6 kg/m; V̇o (maximal oxygen intake)56.

Interrogation of the Atherosclerosis-Associated (Sortilin 1) Locus With Primary Human Hepatocytes, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Hepatocytes, and Locus-Humanized Mice.

Objective: The noncoding single-nucleotide polymorphism rs12740374 has been hypothesized to be the causal variant responsible for liver-specific modulation of (sortilin 1) expression (ie, expression quantitative trait locus) and, by extension, the association of the locus on human chromosome 1p13 with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and coronary heart disease. The goals of this study were to compare 3 different hepatocyte models in demonstrating that the rs12740374 minor allele sequence is responsible for transcriptional activation of expression.

Approach And Results: We found that although primary human hepatocytes of varied rs12740374 genotypes strongly replicated the expression quantitative trait locus observed previously in whole-liver samples, a population cohort of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells poorly replicated the expression quantitative trait locus.

Large, Diverse Population Cohorts of hiPSCs and Derived Hepatocyte-like Cells Reveal Functional Genetic Variation at Blood Lipid-Associated Loci.

Genome-wide association studies have struggled to identify functional genes and variants underlying complex phenotypes. We recruited a multi-ethnic cohort of healthy volunteers (n = 91) and used their tissue to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) for genome-wide mapping of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and allele-specific expression (ASE). We identified many eQTL genes (eGenes) not observed in the comparably sized Genotype-Tissue Expression project's human liver cohort (n = 96).

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation Enables Functional Validation of GWAS Variants in Metabolic Disease.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have highlighted a large number of genetic variants with potential disease association, but functional analysis remains a challenge. Here we describe an approach to functionally validate identified variants through differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to study cellular pathophysiology. We collected peripheral blood cells from Framingham Heart Study participants and reprogrammed them to iPSCs.

A Computer Model of Drafting Effects on Collective Behavior in Elite 10,000-m Runners.

Purpose: Drafting in cycling influences collective behavior of pelotons. Although evidence for collective behavior in competitive running events exists, it is not clear if this results from energetic savings conferred by drafting. This study modeled the effects of drafting on behavior in elite 10,000-m runners.

Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 is a specific cell-surface marker for isolating hepatocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells.

Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) are derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro, but differentiation protocols commonly give rise to a heterogeneous mixture of cells. This variability confounds the evaluation of in vitro functional assays performed using HLCs. Increased differentiation efficiency and more accurate approximation of the in vivo hepatocyte gene expression profile would improve the utility of hPSCs.

Mental Toughness Moderates Social Loafing in Cycle Time-Trial Performance.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if mental toughness moderated the occurrence of social loafing in cycle time-trial performance.

Method: Twenty-seven men (Mage = 17.7 years, SD = 0.

The Influence of Collective Behavior on Pacing in Endurance Competitions.

A number of theoretical models have been proposed in recent years to explain pacing strategies observed in individual competitive endurance events. These have typically related to the internal regulatory processes that inform the making of decisions relating to muscular work rate. Despite a substantial body of research which has investigated the influence of collective group dynamics on individual behaviors in various animal species, this issue has not been comprehensively studied in individual athletic events.

Modelling kidney disease with CRISPR-mutant kidney organoids derived from human pluripotent epiblast spheroids.

Human-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived kidney cells (hPSC-KCs) have important potential for disease modelling and regeneration. Whether the hPSC-KCs can reconstitute tissue-specific phenotypes is currently unknown. Here we show that hPSC-KCs self-organize into kidney organoids that functionally recapitulate tissue-specific epithelial physiology, including disease phenotypes after genome editing.

Validity and Test-Retest Reliability of the TIVRE-Basket Test for the Determination of Aerobic Power in Elite Male Basketball Players.

The aims of this study were to (a) determine the relationship between performance on the court-based TIVRE-Basket test and peak aerobic power determined from a criterion laboratory-based incremental treadmill test and (b) to examine the test-retest reliability of the TIVRE-Basket test in elite male basketball players. To address aim 1, 36 elite male basketball players (age: 25.2 ± 4.

Position-specific performance indicators that discriminate between successful and unsuccessful teams in elite women's indoor field hockey: implications for coaching.

The aim of this investigation was to establish median performance profiles for the six playing positions in elite women's indoor hockey and then identify whether these position-specific profiles could discriminate between qualifying (top four), mid-table and relegated teams in the 2011-2012 England Hockey premier league. Successful passing in relegated teams was significantly lower (P < 0.008) than in mid-table and qualifying teams in four of the five outfield positions.

Age and grip strength predict hand dexterity in adults.

In the scientific literature, there is much evidence of a relationship between age and dexterity, where increased age is related to slower, less nimble and less smooth, less coordinated and less controlled performances. While some suggest that the relationship is a direct consequence of reduced muscle strength associated to increased age, there is a lack of research that has systematically investigated the relationships between age, strength and hand dexterity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the associations between age, grip strength and dexterity.