Combined Microinvasive Glaucoma Surgery - A Review of the Literature and Future Directions.

The use of microinvasive invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) in the treatment of glaucoma has increased exponentially over the last 10 years. However, practice patterns vary widely given the relative newness of these technologies. Some surgeons perform two or more MIGS simultaneously, such as those that target aqueous production and those that target aqueous outflow.

Two pediatric cases of reticular corneal epithelial edema associated with netarsudil.

Purpose: To report two pediatric cases of reticular corneal epithelial edema associated with the use of netarsudil ophthalmic solution 0.02%.

Observations: In Case 1, a six-year-old male with glaucoma following cataract surgery was treated with netarsudil for thirteen months and developed diffuse reticular corneal epithelial edema on post-operative day one after undergoing transscleral diode cyclophotocoagulation for persistently elevated intraocular pressures.

Inferior rectus displacement in heavy eye syndrome and sagging eye syndrome.

Purpose: To evaluate if there is a nasal displacement of the vertical rectus muscles in heavy eye syndrome (HES) and/or sagging eye syndrome (SES) compared with age-matched controls.

Methods: We reviewed the charts of all patients with the diagnosis of HES or SES who were seen at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) between the years 2008-2016 who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and orbits. The control group included patients who had brain and orbital MRIs at UCSD in the absence of known pathology in the orbits or globes.

Reproducibility and Agreement of Anterior Segment Parameter Measurements Obtained Using the CASIA2 and Spectralis OCT2 Optical Coherence Tomography Devices.

Purpose: To assess the reproducibility and agreement of measurement values obtained from the Tomey CASIA2 and Heidelberg Spectralis OCT2 anterior segment optical coherence tomographic devices.

Methods: Twenty eyes from 10 subjects ranging from age 28 to 45 years with no history of eye conditions or intraocular surgery were included. Two scans were obtained with each device in a standardized dark room environment after a period of dark adaptation.

The hidden curriculum.

The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Internal Medicine Third Year Clerkship Program recently instituted an academic exercise to be completed by medical students during the first 6 weeks of their 12 weeks of Internal Medicine. The academic exercise involves reflecting on professional values through art and being exposed to the hidden curriculum of professionalism. Students are instructed at the beginning of their clerkship to observe the professional activities of their teachers, peers, ancillary staff, and of themselves.