The Economic Burden of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder in the United States (2019).

Introduction: Previous societal burden estimations for major depressive disorder (MDD) often fail to account for several hidden cost components. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of societal costs for adults with MDD in the United States (USA) in 2019. The potential impact of a more effective, rapid-acting MDD therapy vs standard of care on the economic burden of MDD was estimated to illustrate the utility of such a framework in evaluating new interventions.

Survey of the Faculty Status of Optometrists at Academic Medical Centers in the United States.

Significance: This is the first study of the prevalence and faculty status of optometrists practicing at academic medical centers in the United States.

Purpose: This study aimed to quantify the number of optometrists at academic medical centers, along with faculty rank and post-doctoral training programs.

Methods: The official Web sites of academic medical centers and schools of medicine in the United States were examined during the 2021 to 2022 academic year to identify departments of ophthalmology and collect faculty profiles of employed optometrists.

Differentiating Between Contact Lens Warpage and Keratoconus Using OCT Maps of Corneal Mean Curvature and Epithelial Thickness.

Purpose: To formulate an Epithelial Modulation index to differentiate between eyes with contact lens warpage and keratoconus.

Methods: Normal eyes and eyes with either contact lens warpage or keratoconus were scanned by a Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. Maps of epithelial thickness and anterior surface mean curvature were generated and converted to deviation maps by subtracting the average maps from a healthy population.

Distinguishing between contact lens warpage and ectasia: Usefulness of optical coherence tomography epithelial thickness mapping.

Purpose: To distinguish between corneal ectasia and contact lens-related warpage by characteristic patterns on corneal topography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) epithelial thickness maps.

Setting: Casey Eye Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA.

Design: Prospective and retrospective case series.

Differentiating Keratoconus and Corneal Warpage by Analyzing Focal Change Patterns in Corneal Topography, Pachymetry, and Epithelial Thickness Maps.

Purpose: To differentiate between keratoconus and contact lens-related corneal warpage by combining focal change patterns in anterior corneal topography, pachymetry, and epithelial thickness maps.

Methods: Pachymetry and epithelial thickness maps of normal, keratoconus, and warpage, and forme fruste keratoconus (FFK) eyes were obtained from a Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Epithelial pattern standard deviation (PSD) was calculated and combined with two novel indices, the Warpage Index and the Anterior Ectasia Index, to differentiate between normal, keratoconus, and warpage eyes.

Quantitative and conformational characterization of lysozyme deposited on balafilcon and etafilcon contact lens materials.

Purpose: To determine whether differences in lysozyme deposition and/or activity exist on worn etafilcon and balafilcon contact lenses following care with a polyquaternium-based system (PQ) or a polyhexanide-based system (PHMB).

Methods: Following acid-based deposit extraction, lysozyme concentration was determined via Western blotting and lysozyme activity was determined by a micrococcyl assay.

Results: Lysozyme deposition on etafilcon lenses was greater following disinfection with the PHMB-based system (1551 +/- 371 micro g/lens vs 935 +/- 271 micro g/lens; p < 0.

Lysozyme and lipid deposition on silicone hydrogel contact lens materials.

Purpose: We sought to determine whether there were differences in lysozyme (quantity and conformation) and lipid deposition on in vivo worn conventional (etafilcon) and silicone hydrogel (balafilcon and lotrafilcon) contact lenses.

Methods: After extraction, lysozyme concentration in each extract was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting. Lysozyme activity was determined by the rate of lysis of Micrococcis lysodeikticus cells.