Reliability and accuracy of scoliotic parameters on using a wireless handheld 3D ultrasound for children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a pilot study.

Purpose: To report the accuracy and reliability of Cobb angle (CA), axial vertebral rotation (AVR), kyphotic and lordotic angles (KA and LA) measurements on using a new 3D ultrasound (US) system.

Methods: Forty participants (34 F, 6 M, aged 14.0 ± 2.

Quantifying cerebral microbleeds using quantitative susceptibility mapping from magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo.

T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MPRAGE) is commonly included in brain studies for structural imaging using magnitude images; however, its phase images can provide an opportunity to assess microbleed burden using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). This potential application for MPRAGE-based QSM was evaluated using in vivo and simulated measurements. Possible factors affecting image quality were also explored.

MR Susceptibility Separation for Quantifying Lesion Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Evolution in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion evolution may involve changes in diamagnetic myelin and paramagnetic iron. Conventional quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) can provide net susceptibility distribution, but not the discrete paramagnetic and diamagnetic components.

Purpose: To apply susceptibility separation (χ separation) to follow lesion evolution in MS with comparison to R*/R /QSM.

Quantitative susceptibility-weighted imaging in presence of strong susceptibility sources: Application to hemorrhage.

Purpose: To optimize quantitative susceptibility-weighted imaging also known as true susceptibility-weighted imaging (tSWI) for strong susceptibility sources like hemorrhage and compare to standard susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).

Methods: Ten patients with known intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) were scanned using a 3D SWI sequence. The magnitude and phase images were utilized to compute QSM, tSWI and SWI images.

Rapid quantitative susceptibility mapping of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Background: Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) offers a means to track iron evolution in hemorrhage. However, standard QSM sequences have long acquisition times and are prone to motion artifact in hemorrhagic patients.

Purpose: To minimize motion artifact and acquisition time by performing rapid QSM in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) using single-shot echo planar imaging (EPI).

Lower Blood Pressure Is Not Associated With Decreased Arterial Spin Labeling Estimates of Perfusion in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background Subacute ischemic lesions in intracerebral hemorrhage ( ICH ) have been hypothesized to result from hypoperfusion. Although studies of cerebral blood flow ( CBF ) indicate modest hypoperfusion in ICH , these investigations have been limited to early time points. Arterial spin labeling ( ASL ), a magnetic resonance imaging technique, can be used to measure CBF without a contrast agent.

Full Activation Profiles and Integrity of Corticospinal Pathways in Adults With Bilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy.

Background: Dysfunction of corticospinal pathways has been implicated in motor impairments in people with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP). While structural damage to corticospinal pathways in people with CP is known, its impact on the activation of these pathways is not.

Objective: To provide the first, complete activation profile of corticospinal pathways in adults with CP using a full range of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) intensities and voluntary contractions.

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping for Following Intracranial Hemorrhage.

Purpose To follow the evolution of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) by using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Materials and Methods Thirty-six patients with ICH confirmed at CT were enrolled to follow ICH evolution on day 2, 7, and 30 after symptom onset between August 2013 and April 2017. QSM was reconstructed from MRI gradient-echo phase images acquired at 1.

Microscopic Polyangiitis with Spinal Cord Involvement: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is an ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV; ANCA denotes antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody) that causes necrotizing inflammation of small blood vessels. Renal and pulmonary manifestations are common whereas central nervous system (CNS) involvement, and in particular spinal disease, is rare.

Methods: We reviewed a case of MPA presenting with spinal intradural hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage.

Quantitative susceptibility mapping using a superposed dipole inversion method: Application to intracranial hemorrhage.

Purpose: To investigate gradient-echo phase errors caused by intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) of low signal magnitude, and propose methods to reduce artifacts from phase errors in quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) of ICH.

Methods: Two QSM methods are proposed: (1) mask-inversion that masks the phase of low signal magnitude regions, and (2) ICH magnetic dipole field isolation followed by susceptibility superposition using multiple boundaries for background field removal. The reconstruction methods were tested in eight subjects with ICH using standard single-echo susceptibility-weighted imaging at 1.

Decision-making under explicit risk is impaired in multiple sclerosis: relationships with ventricular width and disease disability.

Background: Decision-making is an essential function of everyday life. Decision-making under explicit risk requires developing advantageous decision strategies based on fixed outcomes (e.g.

Validation of quantitative susceptibility mapping with Perls' iron staining for subcortical gray matter.

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) measures bulk susceptibilities in the brain, which can arise from many sources. In iron-rich subcortical gray matter (GM), non-heme iron is a dominant susceptibility source. We evaluated the use of QSM for iron mapping in subcortical GM by direct comparison to tissue iron staining.

Mutation of FOXC1 and PITX2 induces cerebral small-vessel disease.

Patients with cerebral small-vessel disease (CSVD) exhibit perturbed end-artery function and have an increased risk for stroke and age-related cognitive decline. Here, we used targeted genome-wide association (GWA) analysis and defined a CSVD locus adjacent to the forkhead transcription factor FOXC1. Moreover, we determined that the linked SNPs influence FOXC1 transcript levels and demonstrated that patients as young as 1 year of age with altered FOXC1 function exhibit CSVD.

Blood pressure reduction does not reduce perihematoma oxygenation: a CT perfusion study.

Blood pressure (BP) reduction after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is controversial, because of concerns that this may cause critical reductions in perihematoma perfusion and thereby precipitate tissue damage. We tested the hypothesis that BP reduction reduces perihematoma tissue oxygenation.Acute ICH patients were randomized to a systolic BP target of <150 or <180 mm Hg.

Longitudinal MR imaging of iron in multiple sclerosis: an imaging marker of disease.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between magnetic resonance (MR) imaging markers of iron content and disease severity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) over a 2-year period.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study was approved by the local ethics committee, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Seventeen patients with MS and 17 control subjects were examined twice, 2 years apart, by using phase imaging and transverse relaxation (R2*) mapping at 4.

Multiple sclerosis: validation of MR imaging for quantification and detection of iron.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between iron staining and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging measurements in postmortem subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Materials And Methods: Institutional ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was obtained from the subjects and/or their families. Four MR imaging methods based on transverse relaxation (T2 weighting, R2 mapping, and R2* mapping) and phase imaging were performed by using a 4.

Effects of cardiac motion on 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the carotid arteries.

Purpose: To determine the effect of cardiac-related carotid artery motion on the image quality of 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CEMRA) in patients presenting with suspected carotid artery disease.

Materials And Methods: Twenty patients with suspected carotid artery disease underwent cardiac-gated cinematic steady-state free precession of the carotid arteries followed by standard 3D CEMRA at 1.5 T.

Safety and feasibility of collateral blood flow augmentation after intravenous thrombolysis.

Background And Purpose: Collateral flow augmentation using partial aortic occlusion may improve cerebral perfusion in acute stroke. We assessed the safety and feasibility of partial aortic occlusion immediately after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator.

Methods: We conducted an open-label pilot study of partial aortic occlusion after thrombolysis.

Syphilitic myositis: a case-based review.

To present the clinical and pathological findings in patients presenting with myositis caused by syphilis. The literature is reviewed, and pathophysiologic factors discussed. A 49-year-old Caucasian heterosexual male with a known history of stable human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection, developed progressive muscle weakness over 10 weeks.

Detecting lesions in multiple sclerosis at 4.7 tesla using phase susceptibility-weighting and T2-weighting.

Purpose: To demonstrate 4.7 Tesla (T) imaging methods for visualizing lesions in multiple sclerosis in the human brain using phase susceptibility-weighting and T2 weighting.

Materials And Methods: Seven patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis were imaged at 4.

Management of MRI wait lists in Canada.

Excessive wait times for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies are a major problem in the Canadian healthcare system. To determine how requests for MRI studies are managed, the authors performed a survey of public MRI facilities in Canada. Ninety-six per cent had some method to triage MRI requests.

Voxel-based morphometry reveals extra-nigral atrophy patterns associated with dopamine refractory cognitive and motor impairment in parkinsonism.

Objectives: To determine overall patterns of brain atrophy associated with memory, executive function (EF) and dopamine non-responsive motor measures in older parkinsonian patients.

Design: Forty-three older PD patients (>or=65 years) and matched controls underwent a neurological examination (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, separated into dopamine responsive and dopamine non-responsive signs) and neuropsychological testing (memory: California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT)) and a composite of index of executive function (EF): Stroop Interference, Trail Making Test Part B, and digit ordering. All underwent volumetric MRI scans analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).

Elevations of diffusion anisotropy are associated with hyper-acute stroke: a serial imaging study.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies of human ischemic stroke within 24 h of symptom onset have reported variable findings of changes in diffusion anisotropy. Serial DTI within 24 h may clarify these heterogeneous results. We characterized longitudinal changes of diffusion anisotropy by analyzing discrete ischemic white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) regions during the hyperacute (2.