Using artificial intelligence to generate medical literature for urology patients: a comparison of three different large language models.

Purpose: Large language models (LLMs) are a form of artificial intelligence (AI) that uses deep learning techniques to understand, summarize and generate content. The potential benefits of LLMs in healthcare is predicted to be immense. The objective of this study was to examine the quality of patient information leaflets (PILs) produced by 3 LLMs on urological topics.

Massive inguinal herniation of the bladder with bilateral hydronephrosis, complicated by psychosis.

Massive inguinal herniation of the bladder is rare. This case was made more dramatic by the late presentation and simultaneous psychiatric condition. A man in his 70s was found in his burning house and admitted for smoke inhalation.

The decline in transurethral resection of the prostate gland in Irish public hospitals between 2005 and 2021.

Background: Lower urinary tract symptoms due to an enlarged prostate is a common condition. Transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP) has been the gold standard treatment. The objective of this study was to assess the trends in the prevalence of TURP procedures in Irish public hospitals within the period of 2005-2021.

The impact of a novel surgical forum, 'Virtual Surgical Speed Dating', on career perception for medical students: a pilot study.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic limited medical student's exposure to surgical specialities, potentially affecting their understanding of specialties and limiting access to mentorship.

Aims: To develop a novel online 'round table' session to increase medical student's exposure to surgical careers, and to assess the value of the event as an educational tool.

Method: A virtual education session was held, with questionnaires being completed before and after the virtual event.

An ex-vivo assessment of a new single probe triple modality (Trilogy) lithotripter.

Introduction And Objectives: This Swiss LithoClast Trilogy lithotrite is a new lithotrite for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). It has four modifiable settings; impact, frequency, ultrasound and suction. We aim to determine the optimal device settings for the fastest stone clearance.

Bilateral staghorn kidney stones in Megacalycosis: Non operative management of complex kidney stone disease.

What happens when kidney stone clearance is not feasible? We report the case of a 46-year-old male who presented for review with bilateral congenital non-obstructive calyceal dilatation (megacalycosis) and high volume bilateral renal calculi in the setting of stage four chronic kidney disease. Since complete stone clearance was deemed futile, thus a consensus was made between Urology and Nephrology, and treatment goals were focused on addressing symptoms, preserving renal function and preventing urinary tract infections until renal transplantation is needed. This case highlights that for some patients with severe complex kidney stone disease, an alternative management plan is needed.

The Carbon Footprint of Single-Use Flexible Cystoscopes Compared with Reusable Cystoscopes.

Single-use devices for endourologic procedures are becoming more popular. The environmental impact of single-use instruments is relatively unknown. This study aimed to compare the carbon footprint of single-use reusable flexible cystoscopes based on waste production and estimated carbon emissions.

High grade non-germinal centre-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma double expressor presenting as a hydrocoele.

A 72-year-old man was referred to our urology outpatient department with a left hemi-scrotal swelling increasing in size over a matter of weeks, initially suspicious for a left hydrocoele. Initial investigation with ultrasound (US) identified a heterogenous enlargement of the left testis and epididymis with a soft tissue mass extending through the inguinal canal. Subsequent CT detected this soft tissue mass to extend along the left gonadal vein to the level of the left renal vein.

Renal lobar dysmorphism: a potential mimic of renal malignancy.

A renal pseudotumour is any apparent renal mass that simulates a tumour on radiological imaging but is composed of normal tissue. Renal pseudotumours may be inflammatory, vascular, postsurgical or congenital. We report a case of renal lobar dysmorphism (RLD) of the kidney, a congenital renal pseudotumour.

Para-spermatic cord proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma.

Proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma is an ultra-rare, high-grade soft tissue malignancy usually presenting as a deep-seated painless mass in the proximal extremities. Most patients are diagnosed as young adults, between 20 and 40 years of age. Perineal and genital masses do occur but are extremely rare and represent a challenging tumour to diagnose and treat.

Evaluation of the Impact of Ureteroscope, Access Sheath, and Irrigation System Selection on Intrarenal Pressures in a Porcine Kidney Model.

Elevated intrarenal pressure (IRP) during flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS) is a predictor of postoperative complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate IRP during FURS in a porcine kidney model to determine the safest combination of irrigation device, ureteral access sheath (UAS), and ureteroscope. Urinary tracts were harvested from Landrace pigs slaughtered for the food chain.

Compliance in patients with dietary hyperoxaluria: A cohort study and systematic review.

Objective: Hyperoxaluria leads to calcium oxalate crystal formation and subsequent urolithiasis. This study aims to analyse the effect of treatment compliance in hyperoxaluria, firstly by analysis of patients with non-primary hyperoxaluria and secondly via systematic review in patients with any hyperoxaluria.

Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, adults with non-primary hyperoxaluria managed with dietary counselling in 2013 were enrolled.

The effect of appropriate bladder management on urinary tract infection rate in patients with a new spinal cord injury: a prospective observational study.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the rate of urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with a new spinal cord injury (SCI) and identify which bladder management technique is associated with the lowest rate of UTI.

Methods: Adults admitted to the Victorian Spinal Cord Service with a new SCI from 2012 to 2014 were enrolled. Data collected included patient characteristics, SCI level, bladder management and diagnosis of UTI.

Surgical management of chronic genital lymphoedema.

A 44-year-old man with a spinal cord injury was referred to a specialist urology service with a 7-year history of significant genital swelling. His condition had eluded diagnosis and was refractory to all previous treatments. The considerable swelling both impacted his quality of life and prevented the patient from adequately managing his neurogenic bladder.

The impact of intra-operative cell salvage during open radical prostatectomy.

Background: To examine the effect of intra-operative cell salvage (ICS) in open radical prostatectomy.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, all patients undergoing open radical prostatectomy for malignancy at our institution between 10/04/2013 and 10/04/2017 were enrolled. Patients were grouped and compared based on whether they received ICS.

Single-use disposable digital flexible ureteroscopes: an ex vivo assessment and cost analysis.

Objective: To assess and measure the capability of a single-use disposable digital flexible ureteroscope, the LithoVue™ (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA), and to assess if there is a benefit to switching to single-use scopes.

Patients And Methods: The LithoVue was compared to two commonly used reusable flexible ureteroscopes (Olympus URF-V [Olympus, Tokyo, Japan] and Karl Storz Flex-X [Karl Storz & Co. KG, Tuttlingen, Germany]) ex vivo.

Radiotherapy-related complications presenting to a urology department: a more common problem than previously thought?

Objective: To quantify the burden of the side effects of radiotherapy on a tertiary referral urology department.

Patients And Methods: A prospective study of all urology admissions to a public urology department at a tertiary hospital in a 6-month period was performed. Patients admitted with complications attributable to radiotherapy were included in the study.

Strategies for success: a multi-institutional study on robot-assisted partial nephrectomy for complex renal lesions.

Objective: To describe our technique, illustrated with images and videos, of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for challenging renal tumours.

Patients And Methods: A study of 249 patients who underwent RAPN in multiple institutions was performed. Patients were identified using prospective RAPN databases.

Impact of bladder dysfunction in the management of post radical prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence-a review.

Bladder dysfunction is a relatively common urodynamic finding post radical prostatectomy (RP). It can be the sole cause of post prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) or may be found in association with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive review of the diagnosis and different treatments of post RP bladder dysfunction.

Implementation rates of uro-oncology multidisciplinary meeting decisions.

Objectives: To assess implementation rates of the consensus plans made at the uro-oncology multidisciplinary meeting (MDM) of an Australian tertiary centre, and analyse obstacles to implementation.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all patients discussed at the uro-oncology MDM at our institution between 1 January and 30 June 2015. Rates of referral for MDM discussion after a new histological diagnosis of malignancy, categorised by tumour type, were assessed.

Urodynamic findings in Susac syndrome: first reported filling cystometrogram.

Susac syndrome is a rare neurological disease, with only 300 cases reported in the literature. Lower urinary symptoms are not an uncommon feature of the disease, yet there is no information on specific dysfunction typical urodynamic findings associated with the disease. We present what we believe to be the first reported filling cystometrogram study of Susac syndrome for the evaluation of voiding dysfunction.

infection in an immunocompetent patient in rural Australia.

An 81-year-old man from rural Australia presented with right pretibial cellulitis 7 days after minor trauma against furniture. He failed to improve despite antibiotics and surgical debridement. Subsequent cultures grew the rare fungus which was treated with further surgical debridement, amphotericin B and posaconazole.