Morphologic impact of four surgical techniques to correct excessive tibial plateau angle in dogs: A theoretical radiographic analysis.

Objective: To determine morphologic differences between four tibial osteotomy techniques used to correct excessive tibial plateau angle (eTPA).

Study Design: Retrospective radiographic analysis.

Sample Population: Sixteen dogs (27 tibias) with eTPA.

Comparison of two postoperative complication grading systems after treatment of stifle and shoulder instability in 68 dogs.

Objective: (1) To adapt and apply the Clavien-Dindo (aCD) postoperative complication grading system to dogs experiencing complications following a single orthopedic procedure. (2) To compare the reliability of the Clavien-Dindo system to the Cook complication grading system.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Skeletal Manifestations of Heritable Disproportionate Dwarfism in Cats as Determined by Radiography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to characterize the radiographic alignment of thoracic and pelvic limbs and evaluate for intervertebral disc disease in cats with feline disproportionate dwarfism (FDD).

Study Design:  Observational cross-sectional study. Radiographic joint orientation angles were measured in 10 thoracic and pelvic limbs from 5 FDD cats and compared with those angles measured in 24 thoracic limbs and 100 pelvic limbs from skeletally normal cats.

Physeal Injuries and Angular Limb Deformities.

Physeal injuries are common in the developing small animal and can result in growth disturbances of the forelimb. Resulting deformities can include limb shortening, joint incongruity, angulation, and alterations in joint loading with subsequent osteoarthritis, remodeling, and debilitation. Because of the unique paired bone configuration, the antebrachium is the main source for malalignment resulting from physeal disturbance in the forelimb.

Radiographic determination of normal canine femoral alignment in the sagittal plane: A cadaveric pilot study.

Objective: To establish a reliable methodology for radiographic determination of alignment of the normal canine femur in the sagittal plane.

Study Design: Cadaveric pilot study.

Sample Population: Twenty-nine cadaveric canine femurs.

Comparison of osteotomy technique and jig type in completion of distal femoral osteotomies for correction of medial patellar luxation. An in vitro study.

Objectives: Femoral osteotomies are frequently completed to correct malalignment associated with patellar luxation. The objectives of this study were to compare the use of: 1) two different types of jig; and 2) different types of osteotomy in the realignment of canine femoral bone models which possessed various iterations of angular deformity.

Methods: Models of canine femora possessing distal varus, external torsion and a combination of varus and torsion underwent correction utilizing two alignment jigs (Slocum jig and Deformity Reduction Device) and either a closing wedge ostectomy (CWO) or an opening wedge osteotomy (OWO).

The Effect of Sliding Humeral Osteotomy (SHO) on Frontal Plane Thoracic Limb Alignment: An Ex Vivo Canine Cadaveric Study.

Objective: To determine the effect of sliding humeral osteotomy (SHO) on frontal plane thoracic limb alignment in standing and recumbent limb positions.

Study Design: Canine cadaveric study.

Sample Population: Canine thoracic limbs (n=15 limb pairs).

Classification of Angular Limb Deformities Affecting the Canine Radius and Ulna Using the Center of Rotation of Angulation Method.

Objective: To classify the type of angular deformity affecting the radius and ulna in canine limbs using the center of rotation of angulation methodology.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: Dogs (n=71) diagnosed with thoracic limb lameness attributable to antebrachial angular limb deformities.

Comparison of Short-Term Postoperative Analgesia by Epidural, Femoral Nerve Block, or Combination Femoral and Sciatic Nerve Block in Dogs Undergoing Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy.

Objective: To compare early postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing unilateral tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) that received bupivacaine via preoperative femoral nerve block (FNB), combination femoral-sciatic nerve block (F+SNB), or lumbosacral epidural (EPI).

Study Design: Randomized, blinded, prospective clinical trial.

Animals: Forty-five client-owned dogs undergoing unilateral TPLO.

Culture of equine fibroblast-like synoviocytes on synthetic tissue scaffolds towards meniscal tissue engineering: a preliminary cell-seeding study.

Introduction. Tissue engineering is a new methodology for addressing meniscal injury or loss. Synovium may be an ideal source of cells for in vitro meniscal fibrocartilage formation, however, favorable in vitro culture conditions for synovium must be established in order to achieve this goal.

Determination of the mechanical axis and joint orientation lines in the canine humerus: a radiographic cadaveric study.

Objective: To describe a radiographic method for determination of the mechanical axes and joint orientation lines in orthogonal planes for the canine humerus and establish a range of normal joint orientation angles in a population of large breed dogs.

Study Design: Radiographic study.

Sample Population: Humeri (n = 50) of skeletally mature, nonchondrodystrophic canine cadavers, weighing 20-40 kg with no evidence of orthopedic disease.

Thoracic limb alignment in healthy labrador retrievers: evaluation of standing versus recumbent frontal plane radiography.

Objective: To report thoracic limb alignment values in healthy dogs; to determine if limb alignment values are significantly different when obtained from standing versus recumbent radiographic projections.

Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.

Animals: Labrador Retrievers (n = 45) >15 months of age.

Assessment of the biocompatibility and stability of a gold nanoparticle collagen bioscaffold.

Collagen has been utilized as a scaffold for tissue engineering applications due to its many advantageous properties. However, collagen in its purified state is mechanically weak and prone to rapid degradation. To mitigate these effects, collagen can be crosslinked.

Measurement of femoral and tibial joint reference angles and pelvic limb alignment in cats.

Objective: To report pelvic limb joint reference angles, limb alignment, and mechanical axis deviation for the feline pelvic limb.

Study Design: Cadaveric radiographic anatomic study.

Animals: Skeletally mature, mixed breed cats (n = 50).

Evaluation of in vitro growth factor treatments on fibrochondrogenesis by synovial membrane cells from osteoarthritic and nonosteoarthritic joints of dogs.

Objective: To determine the in vitro effects of selected growth factors on fibrochondrogenesis by synovial membrane cells from nonosteoarthritic (normal) and osteoarthritic joints of dogs.

Animals: 5 dogs with secondary osteoarthritis of shoulder or stifle joints and 6 dogs with normal joints.

Procedures: Synovial membrane cells were harvested from normal and osteoarthritic joints and cultured in monolayer with or without (control) basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-β1, and insulin-like growth factor-1.

Characterization of bionanocomposite scaffolds comprised of amine-functionalized gold nanoparticles and silicon carbide nanowires crosslinked to an acellular porcine tendon.

As one of the most common proteins found in the human body, collagen is regarded as biocompatible and has many properties making it ideal for soft-tissue repair applications. However, collagen matrices fabricated from purified forms of collagen are notoriously weak and easily degraded by the body. The extracellular matrix of many tissues including human dermis, porcine dermis, and porcine small intestine submucosa are often utilized instead, and several of these scaffolds are crosslinked.

Acetabular ventroversion with double pelvic osteotomy versus triple pelvic osteotomy: a cadaveric study in dogs.

Objective: To determine which of 3 different plate angles (20°, 25°, 30°) used in double pelvic osteotomy (DPO) would result in the most similar acetabular angle (AA) achieved with a 20° triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) technique in dogs.

Study Design: Experimental anatomic study.

Animals: Cadaveric canine pelves (n = 8).

Cell-based meniscal tissue engineering: a case for synoviocytes.

Background: Avascular meniscal injuries are largely incapable of healing; the most common treatment remains partial meniscectomy despite the risk of subsequent osteoarthritis. Meniscal responses to injury are partially mediated through synovial activity and strategies have been investigated to encourage healing through stimulating or transplanting adjacent synovial lining. However, with their potential for chondrogenesis, synovial fibroblast-like stem cells hold promise for meniscal cartilage tissue engineering.

Surgical management of orbital nodular granulomatous episcleritis in a dog.

A 27 kg, 6-year-old, male castrated German shorthaired pointer presented to the University of Missouri, Veterinary Teaching Hospital with the complaint of progressive exophthalmia of 2 years duration optical density (OD). Lack of retropulsion OD was noted on physical examination. Anterior segment examination OU and fundic examination OS did not reveal any abnormalities.

Detection and evaluation of matrix metalloproteinases involved in cruciate ligament disease in dogs using multiplex bead technology.

Objective: To measure matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) suspected to be involved in the initiation or progression of osteoarthritis (OA) in cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) explant culture media using multiplex bead technology.

Study Design: In vitro experimental study.

Animals: Adult dogs with (n=10) and without (n=10) CCL deficiency.

The effect of uniaxial cyclic tensile load on gene expression in canine cranial cruciate ligamentocytes.

Objective: To determine the effects of uniaxial cyclic tensile load amplitude and duration on gene expression in cranial cruciate ligamentocytes cultured in monolayer.

Study Design: In vitro experimental study.

Animals: Adult dogs (n=9) weighing 20-35 kg.

Effects of growth factors on equine synovial fibroblasts seeded on synthetic scaffolds for avascular meniscal tissue engineering.

Across species, the avascular portion of the knee meniscus cannot heal spontaneously if severely injured. The most common treatment is meniscectomy which results in osteoarthritis. The objective of this study was to assess the fibrochondrogenic potential of equine fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) seeded on scaffolds under the influence of growth factors in vitro to determine the potential of developing a novel cell-based repair strategy.

Determination of pelvic limb alignment in the large-breed dog: a cadaveric radiographic study in the frontal plane.

Objectives: To report a method for radiographic determination of the mechanical axis of the canine pelvic limb and its relationship to the joints and bone axes. To report reference ranges for the relationships between the axes of the pelvic limb and for joint position relative to the pelvic limb axis.

Study Design: Cadaveric radiographic anatomic study.