Management of respiratory failure in immune checkpoint inhibitors-induced overlap syndrome: a case series and review of the literature.

Background: Checkpoint inhibitor-induced overlap syndrome ([OS] myocarditis, and myositis with or without myasthenia gravis) is rare but life-threatening.

Cases Presentation: Here we present a case series of four cancer patients that developed OS. High troponinemia raised the concern for myocarditis in all the cases.

Association of plasma volume status with outcomes in hospitalized Covid-19 ARDS patients: A retrospective multicenter observational study.

Purpose: To evaluate the association of estimated plasma volume (ePV) and plasma volume status (PVS) on admission with the outcomes in COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective multi-center study on COVID-19-related ARDS patients who were admitted to the Mayo Clinic Enterprise health system. Plasma volume was calculated using the formulae for ePV and PVS, and these variables were analyzed for correlation with patient outcomes.

Clinical Characteristics and Cause of Death Among Hospitalized Decedents With Cancer and COVID-19.

There is scant information on the clinical progression, end-of-life decisions, and cause of death of patients with cancer diagnosed with COVID-19. Therefore, we conducted a case series of patients admitted to a comprehensive cancer center who did not survive their hospitalization. To determine the cause of death, 3 board-certified intensivists reviewed the electronic medical records.

Post-cardiac arrest PCI is underutilized among cancer patients: Machine learning augmented nationally representative case-control study of 30 million hospitalizations.

Background: Cancer patients are less likely to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after cardiac arrest, although they demonstrate improved mortality benefit from the procedure. We produced the largest nationally representative analysis of mortality of cardiac arrest and PCI for patients with cancer versus non-cancer.

Methods: Propensity score adjusted multivariable regression for mortality was performed in this case-control study of the United States' largest all-payer hospitalized dataset, the 2016 National Inpatient Sample.

Triage and Prognostication of Cancer Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit.

Cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Advances in cancer screening, early detection, targeted therapies, and supportive care have led to improvements in outcomes and quality of life. The rapid increase in novel cancer therapies can cause life-threatening adverse events.

Risk factors and outcomes of critically ill patients with acute brain failure: A novel end point.

Objective: To determine the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of acute brain failure (ABF) in a mixed medical and surgical cohort of critically ill patients and its effect on ICU & hospital mortality.

Design: Observational electronic medical record (EMR) based retrospective cohort study of critically ill patients admitted to the ICU between 2006 and 2013.

Setting: Tertiary academic medical center.

The "Complex Restrictive" Pulmonary Function Pattern: Clinical and Radiologic Analysis of a Common but Previously Undescribed Restrictive Pattern.

Background: Most patients with restriction have a pulmonary function test (PFT) pattern in which total lung capacity (TLC), FVC, and FEV are reduced to a similar degree. This pattern is called "simple restriction" (SR). In contrast, we commonly observe a pattern in which FVC percent predicted () is disproportionately reduced relative to TLC.

Identification of acute brain failure using electronic medical records.

Purpose: Up to 80% of critically ill patients have acute neurologic dysfunction syndromes. We evaluated interrater reliability between the examination by the investigator and the charted assessment by the nurse because the accuracy and reliability of detailed data sets extracted from the electronic medical records represents a keystone for creating EMR-based definitions.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of intensive care unit (ICU) patients to assess the reliability of charted Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU, Glasgow Coma Scale (GSC), Full Outline of Unresponsiveness, and Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) scores, and a composite measure of ABF defined as new-onset coma or delirium.

Fatal right ventricular failure and pulmonary hypertension after protamine administration during cardiac transplantation.

Protamine sulfate is the only Food and Drug administration approved medication for reversal of intraoperative heparin-induced anticoagulation during cardiac and vascular surgeries. One of the rare side effects of protamine sulfate is an idiosyncratic reaction resulting in acute pulmonary hypertension (APH) and right ventricular (RV) failure occurring after protamine administration. These reactions are rare but catastrophic with high mortality.

Diffuse cholangiocarcinoma presenting with hepatic failure and extensive portal and mesenteric vein thrombosis.

A 64-year-old previously healthy man presented with a 4-week history of vague right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Imaging studies revealed extensive portal, splenic, superior and inferior mesenteric vein thrombosis with mosaic perfusion and wedge-shaped areas of liver perfusion abnormalities. An extensive thrombophilia workup including tests for factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, lupus anticoagulant, paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, protein C and S, homocysteine and antinuclear antibody titres were all negative.

Ketamine/propofol admixture (ketofol) at induction in the critically ill against etomidate (KEEP PACE trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is commonly performed as a life-saving procedure in the intensive care unit (ICU). It is often associated with significant hemodynamic perturbations and can severely impact the outcome of ICU patients. Etomidate is often chosen by many critical care providers for the patients who are hypotensive because of its superior hemodynamic profile compared to other induction medications.

Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury After IVIG for Myasthenic Crisis.

Background: A 26-year-old female with myasthenic crisis developed transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) after she was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin.

Methods: Case report.

Results: Respiratory status markedly worsened with each intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) administration and progressing from a need to use bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) to intubation.

Ketamine and propofol combination ("ketofol") for endotracheal intubations in critically ill patients: a case series.

Background: Endotracheal intubation is a common procedure performed for critically ill patients that can have immediate life-threatening complications. Induction medications are routinely given to facilitate the procedure, but most of these medications are associated with hypotension. While etomidate is known for its neutral hemodynamic profile, it has been linked with increased mortality in septic patients and increased morbidity in trauma patients.

Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis complicating bronchial atresia.

Bronchial atresia is a rare pulmonary developmental anomaly characterized by the presence of a focal obliteration of a segmental or lobar bronchial lumen. The lung distal to the atretic bronchus is typically emphysematous along with the presence of mucus filled ectatic bronchi (mucoceles). BA is usually asymptomatic but pulmonary infections can rarely develop in the emphysematous lung distal to the atretic bronchus.

A quality improvement project sustainably decreased time to onset of active physical therapy intervention in patients with acute lung injury.

Rationale: Rehabilitation started early during an intensive care unit (ICU) stay is associated with improved outcomes and is the basis for many quality improvement (QI) projects showing important changes in practice. However, little evidence exists regarding whether such changes are sustainable in real-world practice.

Objectives: To evaluate the sustained effect of a quality improvement project on the timing of initiation of active physical therapy intervention in patients with acute lung injury (ALI).

Reducing deep sedation and delirium in acute lung injury patients: a quality improvement project.

Objective: Deep sedation and delirium are common in the ICU. Mechanically ventilated patients with acute lung injury are at especially high risk for deep sedation, delirium, and associated long-term physical and neuropsychiatric impairments. We undertook an ICU-wide structured quality improvement project to decrease sedation and delirium.

Physical rehabilitation of patients in the intensive care unit requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a small case series.

Background And Purpose: Neuromuscular weakness and impaired physical function are common and long-lasting complications experienced by intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. There is growing evidence that implementing rehabilitation therapy shortly after ICU admission improves physical function and reduces health care utilization. Recently, there is increasing interest and utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to support patients with severe respiratory failure.