Plasmablastic lymphoma of the anal canal in an HIV-infected patient.

Background: The advent of antiretroviral therapy increased the life expectancy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients and, consequently, the morbidity and mortality due to neoplasms. Plasmablastic lymphoma is one such neoplasm that generally presents with involvement of the oral cavity; cases of extra-oral involvement are rare.

Case Report: We report a case of plasmablastic lymphoma in a 46-year-old woman for whom the initial clinical manifestation was a painless perineal tumor accompanied by fecal incontinence.

Burkitt lymphoma with initial clinical presentation due to infiltration of the central nervous system and eye orbits.

Background: Burkitt lymphoma rarely affects the central nervous system and ocular region. Under these conditions, computed tomography and (particularly) magnetic resonance imaging of the skull increase the diagnostic accuracy, as they objectively show the topography of lesions and the effect of neoplasia on structures.

Case Report: We report here the case of a 17-year-old male whose initial clinical manifestations were related to neurological impairment and to the ocular musculature and ocular innervation.

Differential diagnoses of overgrowth syndromes: the most important clinical and radiological disease manifestations.

Overgrowth syndromes comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases that are characterized by excessive tissue development. Some of these syndromes may be associated with dysfunction in the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/PI3K/AKT pathway, which results in an increased expression of the insulin receptor. In the current review, four overgrowth syndromes were characterized (Proteus syndrome, Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome, Madelung's disease, and neurofibromatosis type I) and illustrated using cases from our institution.

[Expression of cell proliferation and apoptosis biomarkers in skin spinocellular carcinoma and actinic keratosis].

Background: Skin cancer is the most frequent type of human cancer and has shown an increase in its incidence. In many cases, before the onset of the carcinoma, there might be a precursor lesion--actinic keratosis, which can develop into squamous cell carcinoma. Studies have been carried out in order to determine the parameters that have prognostic significance in predicting those tumors which have more aggressive behavior.