The Role of NAD Metabolism in Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms and Prospects.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a promising anti-aging molecule that plays a role in cellular energy metabolism and maintains redox homeostasis. Additionally, NAD is involved in regulating deacetylases, DNA repair enzymes, inflammation, and epigenetics, making it indispensable in maintaining the basic functions of cells. Research on NAD has become a hotspot, particularly regarding its potential in cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Data mining and analysis of adverse event signals associated with teprotumumab using the Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system database.

Background: Teprotumumab was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of thyroid eye disease in 2020. However, its adverse events (AEs) have not been investigated in real-world settings.

Aim: This study aimed to detect and evaluate AEs associated with teprotumumab in the real-world setting by conducting a pharmacovigilance analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Effect of sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors on sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Sarcopenia has been recognized as the third category of disabling complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), in addition to micro- and macrovascular complications. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are innovative glucose-lowering treatments that have been shown to reduce body weight and enhance cardiovascular and renal outcomes. However, there is vigilance that SGLT2 inhibitors should be taken cautiously because they target skeletal muscle and may raise the risk of sarcopenia.

Cystathionine γ-lyase S-sulfhydrates SIRT1 to attenuate myocardial death in isoprenaline-induced heart failure.

Objective: Hydrogen sulfide (HS), the third gasotransmitter, plays a critical role in protecting against heart failure. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is a highly conserved histone deacetylase that has a protective role in the treatment of heart failure by regulating the deacetylation of some functional proteins. This study investigates the interaction between SIRT1 and HS in heart failure and the underlying mechanisms.

Drug-related problems among community-dwelling elderly with ischemic stroke in China.

Background: Ischemic stroke incidence is increasing amongst elderly patients in China; this is closely associated with drug-related problems (DRPs).

Objectives: To evaluate the influencing factors of DRPs among elderly patients with a history of ischemic stroke in the Chinese community and the role clinical pharmacists play in providing solutions.

Material And Methods: This study was conducted in 2 community health service centers in Putuo District, Shanghai, China, between December 2018 and June 2019.

Effects of home medication review on drug-related problems and health-related quality of life among community-dwelling older adults in China.

Background: There is a lack of research on the nature of drug-related problems (DRPs) in older adult communities in China and the impact of home medication review on DRP reduction and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) improvement.

Objectives: To identify and categorize DRPs in older adults in China and to assess the impact of home medication review.

Methods: The prospective study was conducted in 2 community health service centers in Shanghai, China from December 2018 to December 2019.

Cardioprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide in attenuating myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury (Review).

Ischemic heart disease is one of the major causes of cardiovascular‑related mortality worldwide. Myocardial ischemia can be attenuated by reperfusion that restores the blood supply. However, injuries occur during blood flow restoration that induce cardiac dysfunction, which is known as myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury (MIRI).

Recent advances in chiral analysis for biosamples in clinical research and forensic toxicology.

This article covers current methods and applications in chiral analysis from 2010 to 2020 for biosamples in clinical research and forensic toxicology. Sample preparation for aqueous and solid biological samples prior to instrumental analysis were discussed in the article. GC, HPLC, capillary electrophoresis and sub/supercritical fluid chromatography provide the efficient tools for chiral drug analysis coupled to fluorescence, UV and MS detectors.

Paris saponin VII extracted from Trillium tschonoskii induces autophagy and apoptosis in NSCLC cells.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Trillium tschonoskii Maxim, a perennial herb of the Trilliaceae, has been widely used to treat inflammation, hypertension and cancer. We investigated Paris saponin VII's (PS VII), isolated from Trillium tschonoskii Maxim, function in mediating autophagy and apoptosis in NSCLC cells.

Materials And Methods: We treated various NSCLC cells with different concentrations of PS Ⅶ and then measure the cell apoptosis by using flow cytometry assays and western blot.

An Update on Hydrogen Sulfide and Nitric Oxide Interactions in the Cardiovascular System.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) and nitric oxide (NO) are now recognized as important regulators in the cardiovascular system, although they were historically considered as toxic gases. As gaseous transmitters, HS and NO share a wide range of physical properties and physiological functions: they penetrate into the membrane freely; they are endogenously produced by special enzymes, they stimulate endothelial cell angiogenesis, they regulate vascular tone, they protect against heart injury, and they regulate target protein activity via posttranslational modification. Growing evidence has determined that these two gases are not independent regulators but have substantial overlapping pathophysiological functions and signaling transduction pathways.

Amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure through S-sulfhydration of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.

Aims: Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) plays a critical role in the development of heart failure and in the induction of myocardial mitochondrial injury. Recent evidence has shown that hydrogen sulfide (HS), produced by the enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), improves the cardiac function in heart failure. However, the cellular mechanisms for this remain largely unknown.

Novel HS-NO hybrid molecule (ZYZ-803) promoted synergistic effects against heart failure.

Therapeutic strategies that increase hydrogen sulfide (HS) or nitric oxide (NO) are cytoprotective in various models of cardiovascular injury. However, the nature of interaction between HS and NO in heart failure and the underlying mechanisms for the protective effects remain undefined. The present study tested the cardioprotective effect of ZYZ-803, a novel synthetic HS-NO hybrid molecule that decomposed to release HS and NO.

Synergism of amlodipine and candesartan on blood pressure reduction and organ protection in hypertensive rats.

This study was designed to investigate the possible synergism of amlodipine and candesartan on the reduction of blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive rats. The end organ protection was also observed. In acute experiment, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were treated with intragastric administration of amlodipine (0.

Involvement of arterial baroreflex and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit pathway in the protection of metformin against stroke in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. There is growing evidence that metformin (Met) has potent neuroprotective effects; however, its mechanisms remain unclear. We examined the role of the arterial baroreflex and cholinergic-α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) anti-inflammory pathway in the beneficial effects of Met against stroke.

Comprehensive assessment of coronary fractional flow reserve.

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is considered nowadays as the gold standard for invasive assessment of physiologic stenosis significance and an indispensable tool for decision-making in coronary revascularization. Robust studies have shown that FFR is more effective in accurately identifying which lesions should be stented, and revascularization guided by FFR improves the outcome of coronary artery disease in patients. Therefore, FFR has been upgraded to a class A recommendation in current guidelines when the ischemic potential for specific target lesions is controversial.

Sequential arabinosylcytosin with or without fludarabine in paracmastic patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

The purpose of this study is to assess how fludarabine (Fa) influences arabinosylcytosin's (Ara-C) mode of action. Plasma, cerebrospinal and urine samples were withdrawn from two study groups at specific time points and analyzed by HPLC. Group A was treated with Ara-C only whereas Group B was treated with Fa+Ara-C.

Luteolin inhibits inflammatory response and improves insulin sensitivity in the endothelium.

Endothelial insulin resistance is tightly associated with diabetic cardiovascular complication, and it is well known that inflammation plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance. Luteolin, a flavonoid abundant in some medical and eatable plants, is a potent inhibitor of inflammation. It is also reported that luteolin exhibited some chemoprotection capability to the endothelial integrity.

Luteolin inhibits lysophosphatidylcholine-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells by a calcium/mitocondrion/caspases-dependent pathway.

Luteolin, a naturally occurring polyphenol flavonoid, has demonstrated some beneficial modulation toward the endothelium. This study aims to investigate the effects of luteolin on lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced apoptosis, a key event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, in endothelial cells. Luteolin reduced not only LPC-induced cell death but also lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage.