Four cases of omental herniation in cattle.

Four cases in cattle of omental herniation through an acquired omental rent are described. Clinical signs were indistinguishable from other causes of mechanical ileus and exploratory laparotomy was necessary to establish a diagnosis. In all cases a variably sized portion of jejunal loops was obstructed in an omental rent in the deep layer of the greater omentum.

Gastro-tracheal fistula--unusual and life threatening complication after esophagectomy for cancer: a case report.

Background: A gastro-tracheal fistula following esophagectomy for cancer is a rare but potentially lethal complication. We report the successful surgical closure after failed endoscopic treatment, of a gastro-tracheal fistula following esophago-gastrectomy for cancer after induction chemo-radiotherapy.

Case Presentation: A 58 year-old male patient presented with a distal third uT3N1 carcinoma of the esophagus.

Choice of endosonographic equipment and normal endosonographic anatomy.

Endosonography may be considered as a very special area in endoscopy. It really revolutionised endoscopy in allowing seeing behind the digestive lumen, in accessing the mediastinum and the pancreas, and in performing the first "NOTES" procedures. Endoscopists have usually mixed feelings towards endosonography: most of them consider EUS as the "Holy Grail" since it is one of the most complex diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic procedures, but many users are still uncomfortable with some anatomical landmarks and with the choice of equipment.

Outcome of four-corner arthrodesis for advanced carpal collapse: circular plate versus traditional techniques.

Twenty eight patients with advanced carpal collapse (20 with scapho-lunate advanced collapse [SLAC] and 8 with scaphoid-nonunion advanced collapse [SNAC]) who were treated with a four-corner arthrodesis were reviewed; 23 had a good or excellent outcome. The mean DASH score was 41. The flexion/extension arc decreased from 72 degrees to 52 degrees.

Multiple oral dosing of valacyclovir in horses and ponies.

The aim of the current study was to investigate whether multiple oral dosing of valacyclovir could result in plasma concentrations exceeding the EC(50)-value of acyclovir against equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) during the majority of the treatment period. Additionally, we wanted to determine the concentration of acyclovir in nasal mucus and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Valacyclovir was administered to four horses and two ponies, three times daily, at a dosage of 40 mg/kg, for four consecutive days.

Cardiovascular responses to transvenous electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in anaesthetized horses.

Objective: To examine the influence of direct current shock application in anaesthetized horses with atrial fibrillation (AF) and to study the effects of cardioversion to sinus rhythm (SR).

Study Design: Prospective clinical study.

Animals: Eight horses successfully treated for AF (transvenous electrical cardioversion after amiodarone pre-treatment).

Risk factors for equine postoperative ileus and effectiveness of prophylactic lidocaine.

Background: Postoperative ileus (POI) is a frequent and often fatal complication of colic surgery. Reliably effective treatments are not available.

Objectives: To determine risk factors and protective factors associated with POI, and to assess the effect of lidocaine IV on short-term survival.

Use of propafenone for conversion of chronic atrial fibrillation in horses.

Objective: To investigate effects of IV administration of propafenone for naturally occurring and experimentally induced chronic atrial fibrillation in horses.

Animals: 2 horses with naturally occurring atrial fibrillation and 4 horses with pacing-induced atrial fibrillation.

Procedures: Horses received a bolus of propafenone (2 mg/kg, IV over 15 minutes).

Successful endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation of a sporadic insulinoma.

Objective: Most insulinomas are benign sporadic tumours that require complete resection to avoid recurrent symptoms of hypoglycaemia. Alternate minimally invasive therapies are seeked in elderly patients in whom extensive surgery might be life-threatening. We wanted to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of ethanol injection using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guidance to ablate a pancreatic insulinoma.

Htm1 protein generates the N-glycan signal for glycoprotein degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum.

To maintain protein homeostasis in secretory compartments, eukaryotic cells harbor a quality control system that monitors protein folding and protein complex assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Proteins that do not fold properly or integrate into cognate complexes are degraded by ER-associated degradation (ERAD) involving retrotranslocation to the cytoplasm and proteasomal peptide hydrolysis. N-linked glycans are essential in glycoprotein ERAD; the covalent oligosaccharide structure is used as a signal to display the folding status of the host protein.

No evidence for a bone phenotype in GPRC6A knockout mice under normal physiological conditions.

GPRC6A is a seven-transmembrane receptor mediating signaling by a wide range of L-alpha-amino acids, a signaling augmented by the divalent cations Ca(2)(+) and Mg(2)(+). GPRC6A transcripts are detected in numerous mammalian tissues, but the physiological role of the receptor is thus far elusive. Analogously to the closely related calcium-sensing receptor, GPRC6A has been proposed to function as a metabolic sensor of Ca(2)(+) and amino acids in bone and other tissues.

Effect of beta-glucans on an ETEC infection in piglets.

The effect of orally administered beta-glucans in protecting pigs against an ETEC infection after weaning was analysed in this study. Three beta-glucans that differed in origin (Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MCG (Macrogard) and G2) or Sclerotium rolfsii (G3)) and/or extraction procedure were tested. Pigs fed for 2 weeks after weaning with these glucans were less susceptible to an F4+ ETEC infection in comparison with the control group.

Stepwise radical endoscopic resection for Barrett's esophagus with early neoplasia: report on a Brussels' cohort.

Background And Study Aims: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess safety and efficacy of stepwise radical endoscopic resection (SRER) in patients with Barrett's esophagus with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) or early cancer.

Patients And Methods: Patients undergoing SRER between 2000 and 2006 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with Barrett's esophagus who also had HGIN or early cancer were included if they had no signs of submucosal infiltration or metastases.

Atrial and ventricular electrical and contractile remodeling and reverse remodeling owing to short-term pacing-induced atrial fibrillation in horses.

Background: In humans, atrial fibrillation (AF) induces electrical, contractile, and structural remodeling leading to AF stabilization. Little is known about AF-induced atrial remodeling in horses.

Hypothesis: Induced AF produces rapid atrial electrical and contractile remodeling in horses.

Influence of systemic fluoroquinolone administration on the presence of Pasteurella multocida in the upper respiratory tract of clinically healthy calves.

The influence of enrofloxacin administration (5 mg/kg) for five consecutive days on the occurrence of Pasteurella multocida in the upper respiratory tract of two healthy calves was monitored over a 10-day period. From nasal swabs of two additional healthy control calves, which received a placebo saline administration, P. multocida was isolated throughout the study period.

Computed tomography-guided brain biopsy for in vivo diagnosis of a cholesterinic granuloma in a horse.

Case Description: An 8-year-old warmblood mare was evaluated following an acute onset of neurologic abnormalities.

Clinical Findings: Computed tomography of the head revealed large masses in both lateral ventricles, and a presumptive diagnosis of cholesterinic granuloma was made.

Treatment And Outcome: Freehand biopsy of the intracranial masses was performed under computed tomographic guidance, and histologic examination of biopsy specimens confirmed the diagnosis.

EUS-FNA and FDG-PET are complementary procedures in the diagnosis of enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes.

Background And Study Aims: Transoesophageal endosonography with fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) are now standard diagnostic procedures of the mediastinum. Our aim was to compare their value in the assessment of enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes detected by computed tomography.

Patients And Methods: Forty consecutive patients with a suspicion of cancer or a history of pulmonary, digestive, urogenital or mammary neoplasia and presenting with supracentimetric lymph nodes on computed tomography underwent whole body FDG-PET and EUS-FNA.

Bluetongue virus serotype 8-associated congenital hydranencephaly in calves.

Hydranencephaly, the almost complete absence of the cerebral parenchyma, induced by infection with modified live bluetongue virus (BTV) crossing the placenta has previously been reported in sheep and rarely in cattle in the USA and in South Africa. The current study describes 29 cases of hydranencephaly in bovine foetuses and 'dummy' calves up to 3 months of age in Belgium associated with natural BTV serotype 8 infection very early in gestation. Histological examination of the remaining cerebral parenchyma showed moderate to severe atrophy of the neural tissue.

Laryngeal rhinosporidiosis in a Belgian warmblood horse.

In Belgium and even in northern Europe Rhinosporidium seeberi has not been reported in autochtonous people or animals. In this paper, the authors report the first observation of laryngeal masses, caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, in a Belgian Warmblood horse. Moreover, laryngeal rhinosporidiosis is extremely rare since this localisation is only described in four human cases.