Extracellular ISG15 triggers ISGylation via a type-I interferon independent non-canonical mechanism to regulate host response during virus infection.

Type-I interferons (IFN) induce cellular proteins with antiviral activity. One such protein is Interferon Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15). ISG15 is conjugated to proteins during ISGylation to confer antiviral activity and regulate cellular activities associated with inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.

Innovative approaches to wound healing: insights into interactive dressings and future directions.

The objective of this review is to provide an up-to-date and all-encompassing account of the recent advancements in the domain of interactive wound dressings. Considering the gap between the achieved and desired clinical outcomes with currently available or under-study wound healing therapies, newer more specific options based on the wound type and healing phase are reviewed. Starting from the comprehensive description of the wound healing process, a detailed classification of wound dressings is presented.

Investigating wound healing potential of sesamol loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: Ex-vivo, in vitro and in-vivo proof of concept.

Sesamol, a lignan, obtained from sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum Linn., Pedaliaciae) has a promising antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory profile. When applied topically, free sesamol rapidly crosses skin layers and gets absorbed in systemic circulation.

Impact of various high fat diets on gene expression and the microbiome across the mouse intestines.

High fat diets (HFDs) have been linked to several diseases including obesity, diabetes, fatty liver, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colon cancer. In this study, we examined the impact on intestinal gene expression of three isocaloric HFDs that differed only in their fatty acid composition-coconut oil (saturated fats), conventional soybean oil (polyunsaturated fats) and a genetically modified soybean oil (monounsaturated fats). Four functionally distinct segments of the mouse intestinal tract were analyzed using RNA-seq-duodenum, jejunum, terminal ileum and proximal colon.

HNF4α isoforms regulate the circadian balance between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the liver.

Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α (HNF4α), a master regulator of hepatocyte differentiation, is regulated by two promoters (P1 and P2) which drive the expression of different isoforms. P1-HNF4α is the major isoform in the adult liver while P2-HNF4α is thought to be expressed only in fetal liver and liver cancer. Here, we show that P2-HNF4α is indeed expressed in the normal adult liver at Zeitgeber time (ZT)9 and ZT21.

Emerging porcine Enterovirus G infections, epidemiological, complete genome sequencing, evolutionary and risk factor analysis in India.

The current study reports the in-depth analysis of the epidemiology, risk factors, and molecular characterization of a complete genome of Enterovirus G (EV-G) isolated from Indian pigs. We analysed several genes of EV-G isolates collected from various provinces in India, using phylogenetic analysis, recombination detection, SimPlot, and selection pressure analyses. Our analysis of 534 porcine faecal samples revealed that 11.

Impact of Various High Fat Diets on Gene Expression and the Microbiome Across the Mouse Intestines.

High fat diets (HFDs) have been linked to several diseases including obesity, diabetes, fatty liver, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colon cancer. In this study, we examined the impact on intestinal gene expression of three isocaloric HFDs that differed only in their fatty acid composition - coconut oil (saturated fats), conventional soybean oil (polyunsaturated fats) and a genetically modified soybean oil (monounsaturated fats). Four functionally distinct segments of the mouse intestinal tract were analyzed using RNA-seq - duodenum, jejunum, terminal ileum and proximal colon.

Use of Transesophageal Echocardiography for Enhanced Safety During Bar Removal Procedures After Minimally Invasive Repair of Pectus Excavatum.

Minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum involves placement of retrosternal support (Nuss) bars. Hardware removal has been rarely associated with life-threatening hemorrhage from the heart, aorta, internal mammary arteries, and/or lung. There is no accepted standard intraoperative monitoring technique used during removal.

Delivery of gene editing therapeutics.

For the past decades, gene editing demonstrated the potential to attenuate each of the root causes of genetic, infectious, immune, cancerous, and degenerative disorders. More recently, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) editing proved effective for editing genomic, cancerous, or microbial DNA to limit disease onset or spread. However, the strategies to deliver CRISPR-Cas9 cargos and elicit protective immune responses requires safe delivery to disease targeted cells and tissues.

Diet high in linoleic acid dysregulates the intestinal endocannabinoid system and increases susceptibility to colitis in Mice.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease with increasing incidence in the U.S. suggesting that environmental factors, including diet, are involved.

Preclinical Potential of Probiotic-Loaded Novel Gelatin-Oil Vaginal Suppositories: Efficacy, Stability, and Safety Studies.

The current study describes a suppository base composed of aqueous gelatin solution emulsifying oil globules with probiotic cells dispersed within. The favorable mechanical properties of gelatin to provide a solid gelled structure, and the tendency of its proteins to unravel into long strings that interlace when cooled, lead to a three-dimensional structure that can trap a lot of liquid, which was exploited herein to result in a promising suppository form. The latter maintained incorporated probiotic spores of Unique IS-2 in a viable but non-germinating form, preventing spoilage during storage and imparting protection against the growth of any other contaminating organism (self-preserved formulation).

Developmental exposure to indoor flame retardants and hypothalamic molecular signatures: Sex-dependent reprogramming of lipid homeostasis.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of flame-retardant organohalogen pollutants that act as endocrine/neuroendocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In humans, exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFR) or other environmentally persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and novel organophosphate flame retardants has been associated with increasing trends of diabetes and metabolic disease. However, the effects of PBDEs on metabolic processes and their associated sex-dependent features are poorly understood.

Evolution of Lung Abnormalities on Lung Ultrasound in Recovery From COVID-19 Disease-A Prospective, Longitudinal Observational Cohort Study.

Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 can cause respiratory diseases with various manifestations. However, little is known about its potential for lung recovery. Lung ultrasound has shown characteristic changes during COVID-19 and has proven to be useful for triage, diagnosis, and therapy.

CRISPR use in diagnosis and therapy for COVID-19.

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many diagnostic approaches (RT-qPCR, RAPID, LFA) have been adopted, with RT-qPCR being the most popular/gold standard. But, one of the major problems of COVID-19 diagnostics is the presentation of a wide range of symptoms which varies among different patients and needs early diagnosis for better management. Even though RT-qPCR is a precise molecular technique false negative results may be obtained.

Natural infection of Delta mutant of SARS-CoV-2 in Asiatic lions of India.

The current pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has underlined the importance of emerging diseases of zoonotic importance. Along with human beings, several species of wild and pet animals have been demonstrated to be infected by SARS-CoV-2, both naturally and experimentally. In addition, with constant emergence of new variants, the species susceptibility might further change which warrants intensified screening efforts.

Lung ultrasound for the early diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia: an international multicenter study.

Purpose: To analyze the application of a lung ultrasound (LUS)-based diagnostic approach to patients suspected of COVID-19, combining the LUS likelihood of COVID-19 pneumonia with patient's symptoms and clinical history.

Methods: This is an international multicenter observational study in 20 US and European hospitals. Patients suspected of COVID-19 were tested with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) swab test and had an LUS examination.

Use of Emergency Manuals to Treat Delayed Emergence After Robotic-Assisted Cholecystectomy.

Delayed emergence is defined as failure to regain consciousness 30 to 60 minutes after general anesthesia. Although incidence is low and difficult to accurately estimate, there is a wide differential diagnosis to be considered. Emergency manuals (EMs) are visual cognitive aids that can be used in the operating room to help manage intraoperative complications.

Palmitic acid negatively regulates tumor suppressor PTEN through T366 phosphorylation and protein degradation.

Chronic elevated free fatty (FFA) levels are linked to metabolic disorders and tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanism by which FFAs induce cancer remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the tumor suppressor PTEN protein levels were decreased in high fat diet (HFD) fed mice.

Effect of delayed entry on performance of the BACT/ALERT FAN PLUS bottles in the BACT/ALERT VIRTUO blood culture system.

Delayed entry of patient blood culture samples into a microbial detection system is unavoidable at times, due to off-shift staffing or transporting samples to centralized laboratories. Pre-incubation time and temperature of blood culture bottles are the most critical factors impacting recovery and detection of microorganisms. A total of 1377 BACT/ALERT® (BTA) Fastidious Antimicrobial Neutralization (FAN® PLUS) bottles (FA PLUS, FN PLUS, and PF PLUS) were tested after delayed entry times of 24 and 36 h at 20-25 °C (room temperature, RT) prior to loading into the BACT/ALERT® VIRTUO® microbial detection system (VIRTUO).

Pharmabiotic beads with improved encapsulation and gut survival for management of colonic inflammation associated gut derangements.

Encapsulation techniques and materials, explored for addressing compromised probiotic gut survival, report significant production losses resulting in <10% entrapment. Presently, we report three-time enhanced entrapment (30 ± 1.2%) of (LAB) in calcium-alginate beads, by modifying process parameters and employing polyethylene glycol (PEG).

Dysregulation of Hypothalamic Gene Expression and the Oxytocinergic System by Soybean Oil Diets in Male Mice.

Soybean oil consumption has increased greatly in the past half-century and is linked to obesity and diabetes. To test the hypothesis that soybean oil diet alters hypothalamic gene expression in conjunction with metabolic phenotype, we performed RNA sequencing analysis using male mice fed isocaloric, high-fat diets based on conventional soybean oil (high in linoleic acid, LA), a genetically modified, low-LA soybean oil (Plenish), and coconut oil (high in saturated fat, containing no LA). The 2 soybean oil diets had similar but nonidentical effects on the hypothalamic transcriptome, whereas the coconut oil diet had a negligible effect compared to a low-fat control diet.