H-NMR Analysis of Metabolic Changes Induced by Snf1/AMP-Activated Protein Kinase During Environmental Stress Responses.

AMP-activated protein kinase sucrose non-fermenting 1 (Snf1) is a representative regulator of energy status that maintains cellular energy homeostasis. In addition, Snf1 is involved in the mediation of environmental stress such as salt stress. Snf1 regulates metabolic enzymes such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, indicating a possible role for Snf1 in metabolic regulation.

H-NMR-Based Metabolic Profiling of to Correlate the Development Process and Anti-Cancer Effect.

The study of metabolomics in natural products using the diverse analytical instruments including GC-MS, LC-MS, and NMR is useful for the exploration of physiological and biological effects and the investigation of drug discovery and health functional foods. has been very attractive to natural medicine as a traditional Chinese medicine, due to its various bioactive properties including anti-cancer and anti-oxidant effects. In this study, we analyzed the metabolite profile in 50% ethanol extracts of fruit bodies from three development periods (growth period, matured period, and aging period) using H-NMR, and identified 44 metabolites, which are classified as 16 amino acids, 10 organic acids, 5 carbohydrates, 3 nucleotide derivatives, and 10 other compounds.

Metabolomic profiling reveals enrichment of cordycepin in senescence process of Cordyceps militaris fruit bodies.

Cordyceps militaris is a species of Cordyceps that is classified in the Cordycipitaceae family and is well known in East Asia as a traditional medicinal mushroom. Its artificial fruit body has been widely cultivated for commercial use in cosmetics, functional food, and medicine. To explore the metabolites associated with fruit body development, we conducted gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses based on developmental stage, which was divided into the growth period (stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3) and aging period (stage 4).

H NMR based metabolite profiling for optimizing the ethanol extraction of .

Metabolite profiling of (family: Polyporaceae) had been much advancement in recent days, and its analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has become well established. However, the highly important trait of still needs advanced protocols despite some standardization. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used as the multivariate statistical analysis of the H NMR data set.

Src Is a Prime Target Inhibited by Methanol Extract in Its Anti-Inflammatory Action.

is the traditional plant used at Korea as a herbal medicine to ameliorate inflammatory responses. Although has been traditionally used as a herbal medicine at Korea, no systemic research has been conducted on its anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, the present study explored an anti-inflammatory effect and its underlying molecular mechanism using methanol extract (Cc-ME) in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses.

Momordica charantia Inhibits Inflammatory Responses in Murine Macrophages via Suppression of TAK1.

Momordica charantia known as bitter melon is a representative medicinal plant reported to exhibit numerous pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antitumor, and hypoglycemic actions. Although this plant has high ethnopharmacological value for treating inflammatory diseases, the molecular mechanisms by which it inhibits the inflammatory response are not fully understood. In this study, we aim to identify the anti-inflammatory mechanism of this plant.

Anti-inflammatory effect of torilidis fructus ethanol extract through inhibition of Src.

Context: Torilidis fructus, fruits of Torilis japonica Decadolle (Umbelliferae), is a medicinal herb traditionally used as a pesticide, an astrictive, or a medicine for various inflammatory diseases.

Objectives: Due to the lack of pharmacological studies on this herbal medicine, we explored the inhibitory activity of torilidis fructus on the macrophage-mediated inflammatory response using its ethanol extract (Tf-EE).

Material And Methods: The Griess assay and prostaglandin (PGE) ELISA assay were conducted with Tf-EE (0-75 µg/mL) and LPS (1 µg/mL) treated RAW264.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Methanol Extract in LPS-Stimulated Inflammatory Responses.

is used as a traditional medicinal plant in India. One of the substances in has been suggested to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, there is insufficient research about the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of .

Anticancer Efficacy of Ethanol Extract in a Xenografted Leukemia Model.

is used widely as a traditional medicine in East Asia. Although a few studies have attempted to elucidate the anticancer activities of , the precise mechanism of therapeutic effects is not fully understood. We examined the anticancer activities of ethanolic extract (Cm-EE) and its cellular and molecular mechanisms.

Suppression of a methionine synthase by calmodulin under environmental stress in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana.

Methionine synthase (MetE, EC 2.1.1.

Identification of calmodulin binding proteins in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana.

Calmodulin (CaM) is a primary Ca receptor and plays a pivotal role in a variety of cellular responses in eukaryotes. Even though a large number of CaM-binding proteins are well known in yeast, plants, and animals, little is known regarding CaM-targeted proteins in filamentous fungi. To identify CaM-binding proteins in filamentous fungi, we used a proteomics method coupled with co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry (MS) in Beauveria bassiana.

Calmodulin-mediated suppression of 2-ketoisovalerate reductase in Beauveria bassiana beauvericin biosynthetic pathway.

Ketoisovalerate reductase (KIVR, E.C. 1.

Src/Syk/IRAK1-targeted anti-inflammatory action of Torreya nucifera butanol fraction in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 cells.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Seed of Torreya nucifera (L.) Siebold & Zucc is used to treat several diseases in Asia. Reports document that T.

Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-Inducing Activities of 4-Isopropyl-2,6-bis(1-phenylethyl)phenol Isolated from Butanol Fraction of Cordyceps bassiana.

The Cordyceps species have been widely used for treating various cancer diseases. Although the Cordyceps species have been widely known as an alternative anticancer remedy, which compounds are responsible for their anticancer activity is not fully understood. In this study, therefore, we examined the anticancer activity of 5 isolated compounds derived from the butanol fraction (Cb-BF) of Cordyceps bassiana.

In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Phyllanthus acidus methanolic extract.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels (Phyllanthaceae) has traditionally been used to treat gastric trouble, rheumatism, bronchitis, asthma, respiratory disorders, and hepatitis. Despite this widespread use, the pharmacological activities of this plant and their molecular mechanisms are poorly understood.

In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of Persicaria chinensis methanolic extract targeting Src/Syk/NF-κB.

Ethnopharmacologic Relevance: Persicaria chinensis L. (Polygonaceae) [also synonym as Polygonum chimnense L.] has been used as Chinese traditional medicine to treat ulcer, eczema, stomach ache, and various inflammatory skin diseases.

Anti-inflammatory activities of Gouania leptostachya methanol extract and its constituent resveratrol.

Gouania leptostachya DC. var. tonkinensis Pitard.

IKK β -Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Activities of a Butanol Fraction of Artificially Cultivated Cordyceps pruinosa Fruit Bodies.

The inhibitory activities of the Cordyceps pruinosa butanol fraction (Cp-BF) were investigated by determining inflammatory responses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 macrophage cells and by evaluating HCl/ethanol (EtOH)-triggered gastric ulcers in mice. The molecular mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of Cp-BF were investigated by identifying target enzymes using biochemical and molecular biological approaches.

Anti-inflammatory activities and mechanisms of Artemisia asiatica ethanol extract.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Artemisia asiatica Nakai (Compositae) is a representative herbal plant used to treat infection and inflammatory diseases. Although Artemisia asiatica is reported to have immunopharmacological activities, the mechanisms of these activities and the effectiveness of Artemisia asiatica preparations in use are not known.

Materials And Methods: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of Artemisia asiatica ethanol extract (Aa-EE), we assayed nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in macrophages and measured the extent of tissue injury in a model of gastric ulcer induced in mice by treatment with HCl in EtOH.

Syk and Src are major pharmacological targets of a Cerbera manghas methanol extract with kaempferol-based anti-inflammatory activity.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cerbera manghas L. (Apocynaceae), a semi-mangrove medicinal plant distributed throughout tropical and subtropical countries, is traditionally known to possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant, cardiotonic, and hypotensive activity. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of a methanol extract of the leaves of Cerbera manghas and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated to validate the ethnopharmacological use of this plant.

A novel synthetic analog of Militarin, MA-1 induces mitochondrial dependent apoptosis by ROS generation in human lung cancer cells.

A synthetic Militarin analog-1[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-1,6-bis(4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy) hexane-2,3,4,5-tetraol] is a novel derivative of constituents from Cordyceps militaris, which has been used to treat a variety of chronic diseases including inflammation, diabetes, hyperglycemia and cancers. Here, we report for the first time the synthesis of Militarin analog-1 (MA-1) and the apoptotic mechanism of MA-1 against human lung cancer cell lines. Treatment with MA-1 significantly inhibited the viability of 3 human lung cancer cell lines.

JAK2-targeted anti-inflammatory effect of a resveratrol derivative 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzamide.

Chemical derivatization of resveratrol has been widely conducted in an effort to overcome its chemical instability and therapeutic potential. In the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol derivatives containing an amide functionality using in vitro macrophage models that were stimulated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, and using several animal inflammatory disease models. Of the resveratrol derivatives tested, compound 8 (2,4-dihydroxy-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzamide) most strongly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), as well as the mRNA expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.

Methanol extract of Evodia lepta displays Syk/Src-targeted anti-inflammatory activity.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Evodia lepta (Spreng.) Merr., in the Rutaceae family, is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat inflammatory symptoms such as in meningitis and hepatitis.

AP-1 pathway-targeted inhibition of inflammatory responses in LPS-treated macrophages and EtOH/HCl-treated stomach by Archidendron clypearia methanol extract.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Archidendron clypearia Jack. (Fabaceae) is a representative ethnomedicinal herbal plant prescribed for various inflammatory diseases such as pharyngolaryngitis and tonsillitis. However, the pharmacology behind this plant's anti-inflammatory properties has not been fully understood.

In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa methanol extract.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. is a representative Thai medicinal plant traditionally used in South Asian countries to relieve various inflammatory symptoms. However, no systematic studies on its anti-inflammatory activity and mechanisms have been reported.