Neuronal LAG3 facilitates pathogenic α-synuclein neuron-to-neuron propagation.

Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) is a key receptor involved in the propagation of pathological proteins in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study investigates the role of neuronal LAG3 in mediating the binding, uptake, and propagation of α-synuclein (αSyn) preformed fibrils (PFFs). Using neuronal LAG3 conditional knockout mice and human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons, we demonstrate that LAG3 expression is critical for pathogenic αSyn propagation.

Lymphocyte-Activation Gene 3 Facilitates Pathological Tau Neuron-to-Neuron Transmission.

The spread of prion-like protein aggregates is a common driver of pathogenesis in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related Tauopathies. Tau pathologies exhibit a clear progressive spreading pattern that correlates with disease severity. Clinical observation combined with complementary experimental studies has shown that Tau preformed fibrils (PFF) are prion-like seeds that propagate pathology by entering cells and templating misfolding and aggregation of endogenous Tau.

Pathological Tau transmission initiated by binding lymphocyte-activation gene 3.

The spread of prion-like protein aggregates is believed to be a common driver of pathogenesis in many neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulated tangles of filamentous Tau protein are considered pathogenic lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related Tauopathies, including progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration. Tau pathologies in these illnesses exhibits a clear progressive and hierarchical spreading pattern that correlates with disease severity.

In Vitro Anti-Photoaging and Skin Protective Effects of Cuatrec Methanol Extract.

The genus has been used in the treatment of dysentery, diabetes, inflammation, and diarrhea in South America. Of these plants, the strong anti-inflammatory activity of Cuatrec (Chrysobalanaceae) has been reported previously. However, the beneficial activities of this plant on skin health have remained unclear.

Syk-MyD88 Axis Is a Critical Determinant of Inflammatory-Response in Activated Macrophages.

Background: Inflammation, a vital immune response to infection and injury, is mediated by macrophage activation. While spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) are reportedly involved in inflammatory responses in macrophages, their roles and underlying mechanisms are largely unknown.

Methods: Here, the role of the MyD88-Syk axis and the mechanism by which Syk and MyD88 cooperate during macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses are explored using knockout conditions of these proteins and mutation strategy as well as flowcytometric and immunoblotting analyses.

Corrigendum to " Lour. Methanol Extract Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Activity by Targeting Syk, Src, and IRAK1 Kinase Activity".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2019/6879346.].

The Anti-Cancer Effect of Linusorb B3 from Flaxseed Oil through the Promotion of Apoptosis, Inhibition of Actin Polymerization, and Suppression of Src Activity in Glioblastoma Cells.

Linusorbs (LOs) are natural peptides found in flaxseed oil that exert various biological activities. Of LOs, LOB3 ([1-9-NαC]-linusorb B3) was reported to have antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities; however, its anti-cancer activity has been poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigated the anti-cancer effect of LOB3 and its underlying mechanism in glioblastoma cells.

Anti-Inflammatory and Photoaging-Protective Effects of through Inhibition of AP-1 and NF-[Formula: see text] B Pathways.

is a beneficial edible plant with a number of biological activities like anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antithrombic, antihyperglycemic, and anti-ischemic activities. The mechanisms behind the antiphotoaging and anti-inflammatory effects of are not fully understood. To investigate how an ethanol extract of (Oe-EE) exerts these effects, we explored its activities in human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts.

Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Ethanol Extracts of the Leaves and Roots of (Thunb.) Juss through Their Inhibition of CREB and Induction of ERK and Autophagy.

(Thunb.) Juss is a traditional herb commonly used in East Asia including Korea, Japan, and China. It has been administered to reduce and treat inflammation in Donguibogam, Korea.

Enhancement of Galactose Uptake from Kappaphycus alvarezii Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae through Deletion of Negative Regulators of GAL Genes.

This study was aimed at enhancing galactose consumption from the red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii. The optimal pretreatment condition of thermal acid hydrolysis was treated with 350 mM HNO for 60 min at 121 °C. The enzymatic saccharification with a 1:1 mixture of Celluclast 1.

3-Deazaadenosine, an S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitor, attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses via inhibition of AP-1 and NF-κB signaling.

3-Deazadenosine (3-DA) is a general methylation inhibitor that depletes S-adenosylmethionine, a methyl donor, by blocking S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). In this study, we investigated the inhibitory activity and molecular mechanisms of 3-DA in inflammatory responses. 3-DA suppressed the secretion of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E (PGE) in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW264.

Enhancement of Galactose Uptake from Kappaphycus alvarezii Hydrolysate Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Through Overexpression of Leloir Pathway Genes.

A total 42.68 g/L monosaccharide with 0.10 g/L HMF was obtained from 10% (w/v) Kappaphycus alvarezii with thermal acid hydrolysis using 350 mM HNO at 121 °C for 60 min and enzymatic saccharification with a 1:1 mixture of Viscozyme L and Celluclast 1.

The Role of Autophagy in Skin Fibroblasts, Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, and Epidermal Stem Cells.

Human skin acts as a barrier to protect our bodies from UV rays and external pathogens and to prevent water loss. Phenotypes of aging, or natural aging due to chronic damage, include wrinkles and the reduction of skin thickness that occur because of a loss of skin cell function. The dysregulation of autophagy, a lysosome-related degradation pathway, can lead to cell senescence, cancer, and various human diseases due to abnormal cellular homeostasis.

Flaxseed orbitides, linusorbs, inhibit LPS-induced THP-1 macrophage inflammation.

Linusorbs (flaxseed orbitides) are a family of naturally-occurring cyclic peptides. Previously, we reported that their anticancer effects were associated with their structures. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activities of 2 different linusorbs ([1-9-NαC]-linusorb B2 and [1-9-NαC]-linusorb B3) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP-1 macrophage activation as well as the underlying mechanism of this inflammatory response.

LOMIX, a Mixture of Flaxseed Linusorbs, Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects through Src and Syk in the NF-κB Pathway.

Although flax ( L.) has long been used as Ayurvedic medicine, its anti-inflammatory role is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory role of a linusorb mixture (LOMIX) recovered from flaxseed oil.

Loratadine, an antihistamine drug, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through suppression of the NF-B pathway.

Loratadine is an antihistamine drug that shows promise as an anti-inflammatory drug, but supportive studies are lacking. We elucidated the effects and mechanisms by which loratadine inhibits inflammatory responses. Molecular components were evaluated in macrophages by nitric oxide assay, polymerase chain reaction, luciferase assay, immunoblotting, overexpression strategies and cellular thermal shift assay.

Antiwrinkle and Antimelanogenesis Effects of Tyndallized KCCM12625P.

UVB irradiation can induce generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause skin aging or pigmentation. is a well-known probiotic strain that regulates skin health through antimicrobial peptides and organic products produced by metabolism and through immune responses. In this study, we investigated the antioxidative, antiwrinkle, and antimelanogenesis effects of tyndallized KCCM12625P (AL).

Regulation of 8-Hydroxydaidzein in IRF3-Mediated Gene Expression in LPS-Stimulated Murine Macrophages.

Cytokines and chemokines are transcriptionally regulated by inflammatory transcription factors such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3. A daidzein derivative compound, 8-hydroxydaidzein (8-HD), isolated from soy products, has recently gained attention due to various pharmacological benefits, including anti-inflammatory activities. However, regulation of the inflammatory signaling mechanism for 8-HD is still poorly understood, particularly with respect to the IRF-3 signaling pathway.

Lour. Methanol Extract Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Activity by Targeting Syk, Src, and IRAK1 Kinase Activity.

Lour., also known as Roxb, Lam., Blume, and is a vine belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family (English name: redball snake gourd).

Antiphotoaging and Antimelanogenic Effects of Pursh Ethanol Extract due to Antioxidant- and Autophagy-Inducing Properties.

Pursh (Penthoraceae) is a traditional herbal plant that has been used in China for the treatment of jaundice, cholecystitis, edema, and infectious hepatitis. In addition, the Korea Medicinal Plant Dictionary states that Pursh can be used to treat contusions and skin bruises by improving blood flow. Recent studies have shown that Pursh ethanol extract (Pc-EE) exhibits strong antioxidant effects.

Enhancement of bioethanol production from Gracilaria verrucosa by Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the overexpression of SNR84 and PGM2.

A total monosaccharide concentration of 47.0 g/L from 12% (w/v) Gracilaria verrucosa was obtained by hyper thermal acid hydrolysis with 0.2 M HCl at 140°C for 15 min and enzymatic saccharification with CTec2.

Enhancement of galactose consumption rate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK2-1 by CRISPR Cas9 and adaptive evolution for fermentation of Kappaphycus alvarezii hydrolysate.

Ethanol ferrmentation of Kappaphycus alvarezii hydrolysates was performed using wild-type (WT) Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK2-1, hexokinase 2 deleted (Δhxk2) and adapted strain on high galactose concentrations. The WT and Δhxk2 strains produced 8.

Suppression of Src and Syk in the NF-κB signaling pathway by Olea europaea methanol extract is leading to its anti-inflammatory effects.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Olea europaea L., (Oleaceae) has been used widely in folk medicine in the European Mediterranean islands, India, Asia, and other parts of the world. Although this plant has high ethnopharmacological value for treating inflammatory diseases, the molecular mechanisms of how it inhibits the inflammatory response are not fully understood.

Compound K, a ginsenoside metabolite, plays an antiinflammatory role in macrophages by targeting the AKT1-mediated signaling pathway.

Background: Compound K (CK) is an active metabolite of ginseng saponin, ginsenoside Rb1, that has been shown to have ameliorative properties in various diseases. However, its role in inflammation and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this report, the antiinflammatory role of CK was investigated in macrophage-like cells.

Mycetia cauliflora methanol extract exerts anti-inflammatory activity by directly targeting PDK1 in the NF-κB pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Mycetia cauliflora Reinw. (Rubiaceae) has been used as a traditional remedy to ameliorate clinical signs of inflammatory diseases, including pain, inflammation, ulcers, and wounds. Among the Mycetia subfamilies, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of Mycetia longifolia (Rubiaceae) have been studied.