CD4 Co-Receptor Regulates Sex-Specific NK Cell Responses to Acute Infection.

Immunity to ( ) is sexually dimorphic in humans and mice, with females having higher morbidity and mortality during immune dysfunction and HIV-AIDS. The mechanisms underlying these sex differences are unclear. We investigated how a lack of CD4+ T cells (CD4 co-receptor KO) impacted survival in mice.

Development of Etf-3-specific nanobodies to prevent Ehrlichia infection and LNP-mRNA delivery in cellular and murine models.

Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligatory intracellular bacterium that infects monocytes and macrophages and causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis. Ehrlichia translocated factor-3 (Etf-3) is a type IV secretion system effector that binds host-cell ferritin light chain and induces ferritinophagy, thus increasing cellular labile iron pool for Ehrlichia proliferation. To further characterize roles of Etf-3 in Ehrlichia infection, we produced immune libraries of Etf-3-specific nanobodies (Nbs).

RipE expression correlates with high ATP levels in , which confers resistance during the extracellular stage to facilitate a new cycle of infection.

Ehrlichiosis is a potentially life-threatening disease caused by infection with the obligatory intracellular bacteria species. infection of mice provides an animal model of ehrlichiosis as it recapitulates full-spectrum and lethal ehrlichiosis in humans. The transposon mutant of , which encodes a previously uncharacterized hypothetical protein, is attenuated in both infection and virulence in mice.

A non-invasive approach to skin cancer diagnosis via graphene electrical tattoos and electrical impedance tomography.

Making up one of the largest shares of diagnosed cancers worldwide, skin cancer is also one of the most treatable. However, this is contingent upon early diagnosis and correct skin cancer-type differentiation. Currently, methods for early detection that are accurate, rapid, and non-invasive are limited.

Pedi-R-MAPP | the development, testing, validation, and refinement of a digital nutrition awareness tool.

Background & Aims: The Remote Malnutrition Application (R-MAPP) was developed during the COVID-19 pandemic to provide support for health care professionals (HCPs) working in the community to complete remote nutritional assessments and provide practical guidance for nutritional care. R-MAPP was adapted into Pediatric Remote Malnutrition Application (Pedi-R-MAPP) using a modified Delphi consensus, with the goal of providing a structured approach to completing a nutrition focused assessment as part of a technology enabled care service (TECS) consultation. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a digital version of Pedi-R-MAPP using the IDEAS framework (Integrate, Design, Assess and Share).

Theft of Host Transferrin Receptor-1 by is required for infection.

Nutrient acquisition by apicomplexan parasites is essential to drive their intracellular replication, yet the mechanisms that underpin essential nutrient acquisition are not defined. Using the apicomplexan model , we show that host cell proteins including the transferrin receptor 1, transferrin, ferritin heavy and light chains, and clathrin light chain are robustly taken up by tachyzoites. Tachyzoite acquisition of host cell protein was not related to host cell type or parasite virulence phenotypes.

Host ranges of Sf-rhabdoviruses harbored by lepidopteran insects and insect cell lines.

Cell lines derived from Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf), which are the most widely used hosts in the baculovirus-insect cell system, are contaminated with Sf-rhabdoviruses (Sf-RVs). In this study, we identified a closely related virus (Sf-CAT-RV) in the caterpillar species used to isolate the original Sf cell line. We then evaluated the Sf-RV and Sf-CAT-RV host ranges, found Sf-CAT-RV could infect Vero cells, and obtained results suggesting both variants can infect mouse ear fibroblasts.

Prevalence of multisensory hallucinations in people at risk of transition to psychosis.

Hallucinations can occur in single or multiple sensory modalities. Greater attention has been paid to single sensory experiences with a comparative neglect of hallucinations that occur across two or more sensory modalities (multisensory hallucinations). This study explored how common these experiences were in people at risk of transition to psychosis (n=105) and considered whether a greater number of hallucinatory experiences increased delusional ideation and reduced functioning, both of which are associated with a greater risk of transition to psychosis.

Accidental Fall Death in McLean County: Examining Variables in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Fall risk assessment is a complex phenomenon involving several risk factors, including an individual's balance and mobility status, chronic health conditions, visual impairment, hearing deficits, environmental hazards (e.g., loose rugs, clutter), and being homebound or semi-homebound.

Synbiotic containing extensively hydrolyzed formula improves gastrointestinal and atopic symptom severity, growth, caregiver quality of life, and hospital-related healthcare use in infants with cow's milk allergy.

Background: Healthy gut microbiota is important for prognosis in cow's milk allergy (CMA). The application of synbiotics (specific pre- and probiotics) in extensively hydrolyzed formulae (eHFs) is a relatively new concept.

Aims: To evaluate a synbiotic-containing, whey-based eHF (SeHF) with galacto-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides, and bifidobacterium breve M-16V in infants with CMA.

Susceptibility to auditory hallucinations is associated with spontaneous but not directed modulation of top-down expectations for speech.

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs)-or hearing voices-occur in clinical and non-clinical populations, but their mechanisms remain unclear. Predictive processing models of psychosis have proposed that hallucinations arise from an over-weighting of prior expectations in perception. It is unknown, however, whether this reflects (i) a sensitivity to explicit modulation of prior knowledge or (ii) a pre-existing tendency to spontaneously use such knowledge in ambiguous contexts.

NK Cells Negatively Regulate CD8 T Cells to Promote Immune Exhaustion and Chronic Infection.

NK cells regulate CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in acute viral infection, vaccination, and the tumor microenvironment. NK cells also become exhausted in chronic activation settings. The mechanisms causing these ILC responses and their impact on adaptive immunity are unclear.

Innate Lymphoid Cells in Protection, Pathology, and Adaptive Immunity During Apicomplexan Infection.

Apicomplexans are a diverse and complex group of protozoan pathogens including spp., spp., spp.

Discovery of Clinical Candidate 4-[2-(5-Amino-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4-chlorophenoxy]-5-chloro-2-fluoro-N-1,3-thiazol-4-ylbenzenesulfonamide (PF-05089771): Design and Optimization of Diaryl Ether Aryl Sulfonamides as Selective Inhibitors of Na1.7.

A series of acidic diaryl ether heterocyclic sulfonamides that are potent and subtype selective Na1.7 inhibitors is described. Optimization of early lead matter focused on removal of structural alerts, improving metabolic stability and reducing cytochrome P450 inhibition driven drug-drug interaction concerns to deliver the desired balance of preclinical in vitro properties.

A Novel, Open Access Method to Assess Sleep Duration Using a Wrist-Worn Accelerometer.

Wrist-worn accelerometers are increasingly being used for the assessment of physical activity in population studies, but little is known about their value for sleep assessment. We developed a novel method of assessing sleep duration using data from 4,094 Whitehall II Study (United Kingdom, 2012-2013) participants aged 60-83 who wore the accelerometer for 9 consecutive days, filled in a sleep log and reported sleep duration via questionnaire. Our sleep detection algorithm defined (nocturnal) sleep as a period of sustained inactivity, itself detected as the absence of change in arm angle greater than 5 degrees for 5 minutes or more, during a period recorded as sleep by the participant in their sleep log.

Discovery and Optimization of Selective Nav1.8 Modulator Series That Demonstrate Efficacy in Preclinical Models of Pain.

Voltage-gated sodium channels, in particular Nav1.8, can be targeted for the treatment of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Herein, we described the optimization of Nav1.

The Association Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiometabolic Risk in Children is Mediated by Abdominal Adiposity: The HAPPY Study.

Background: It is unclear whether cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is independently linked to cardiometabolic risk in children. This study investigated a) the association between CRF level and presence of cardiometabolic risk disorders using health-related cut points, and b) whether these associations were mediated by abdominal adiposity in children.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional design study.

The case for a children's multidisciplinary food allergy clinic.

In the UK, up to 6% of children are affected by food allergy. Accurate diagnosis, appropriate dietary management, family education, support and continuing follow up are essential to prevent further reactions and optimise the child's nutritional intake and growth. Setting up an improved, one- stop service to achieve these goals, which includes the multidisciplinary team, is feasible and cost neutral.

The triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio identifies children who may be at risk of developing cardiometabolic disease.

Aim: It is important to develop simple, reliable methods to identify high-risk individuals who may benefit from intervention. This study investigated the association between the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL) ratio and cardiometabolic risk, cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity in children.

Methods: Anthropometric, biochemical parameters, cardiorespiratory fitness and accelerometry determined physical activity were assessed in 155 children (80 girls) from 10 to 14 years of age from Bedfordshire, UK.

Movement as Medicine for Type 2 Diabetes: protocol for an open pilot study and external pilot clustered randomised controlled trial to assess acceptability, feasibility and fidelity of a multifaceted behavioural intervention targeting physical activity in primary care.

Background: Physical activity (PA) and nutrition are the cornerstones of diabetes management. Several reviews and meta-analyses report that PA independently produces clinically important improvements in glucose control in people with Type 2 diabetes. However, it remains unclear what the optimal strategies are to increase PA behaviour in people with Type 2 diabetes in routine primary care.

cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with hard and light intensity physical activity but not time spent sedentary in 10-14 year old schoolchildren: the HAPPY study.

Background: Sedentary behaviour is a major risk factor for developing chronic diseases and is associated with low cardiorespiratory fitness in adults. It remains unclear how sedentary behaviour and different physical activity subcomponents are related to cardiorespiratory fitness in children. The purpose of this study was to assess how sedentary behaviour and different physical activity subcomponents are associated with 10-14 year-old schoolchildren's cardiorespiratory fitness.

Choice of activity-intensity classification thresholds impacts upon accelerometer-assessed physical activity-health relationships in children.

Background: It is unknown whether using different published thresholds (PTs) for classifying physical activity (PA) impacts upon activity-health relationships. This study explored whether relationships between PA (sedentary [SED], light PA [LPA], moderate PA [MPA], moderate-to-vigorous PA, vigorous PA [VPA]) and health markers differed in children when classified using three different PTs.

Methods: 104 children (63 girls) aged 10-14 years wore an RT3 triaxial accelerometer for seven days and measures of adiposity and cardiometabolic risk markers were taken.