Umbrella review of social inequality in digital interventions targeting dietary and physical activity behaviors.

Digital interventions are increasingly utilized as a lever to promote population health, yet not everyone may equally benefit from them. This umbrella review pooled the insights from available systematic and scoping reviews regarding potential social inequalities in digital intervention uptake, engagement and effectiveness, focusing on the promotion of weight-related behaviors (diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior) and weight loss (maintenance) in adults. Six databases were searched from 1970 to October 2023.

Laparoscopic-Assisted Enterolithotomy for Recurrent Gallstone Ileus: A Case Report.

Gallstone ileus is the mechanical obstruction of the bowel due to gallstone impaction. It forms when a fistula is created between the gallbladder and the gastrointestinal tract, which can result in small bowel obstruction. Its surgical management ranges from enterolithotomy, cholecystectomy, and fistula closure performed together (one-stage) or performed separately (two-stage), while some patients undergo simple enterolithotomy.

Enhanced Fear Extinction Through Infralimbic Perineuronal Net Digestion: The Modulatory Role of Adolescent Alcohol Exposure.

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized components of the extracellular matrix that play a critical role in learning and memory. In a Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm, degradation of PNNs affects the formation and storage of fear memories. This study examined the impact of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure by vapor inhalation on the expression of PNNs in the adult rat prelimbic (PrL) and infralimbic (IfL) subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex.

Perirhinal cortex to the nucleus accumbens circuit in novelty salience following methamphetamine self-administration.

Methamphetamine (meth) use disorder is part of an overarching use disorder that encompasses continued drug seeking and an increased risk of returning to drug use following periods of abstaining. Chronic meth use results in drug-induced cortical plasticity in the perirhinal cortex (PRC) that mediates responses to novelty. PRH projection targets are numerous and include the nucleus accumbens core (NAc).

Unravelling the contribution of lymph node fibroblasts to vaccine responses.

Vaccination is one of the most effective medical interventions, saving millions of lives and reducing the morbidity of infections across the lifespan, from infancy to older age. The generation of plasma cells and memory B cells that produce high affinity class switched antibodies is central to this protection, and these cells are the ultimate output of the germinal centre response. Optimal germinal centre responses require different immune cells to interact with one another in the right place and at the right time and this delicate cellular ballet is coordinated by a network of interconnected stromal cells.

High α-SMA expression in the tumor stroma is associated with adverse clinical parameters in mismatch repair-proficient colorectal cancers only.

Objectives: As mismatch repair status confers differential prognosis in colorectal cancers, this study aimed to determine associations of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein expression in mismatch repair-proficient (pMMR) and mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) colorectal tumors with clinicopathologic and prognostic features.

Methods: Tissue microarrays from patients with colorectal cancer, immunostained with α-SMA, were assessed through digital image analysis. Total (n = 962), pMMR (n = 782), and dMMR (n = 156) stromal H-scores were assessed for associations with clinicopathologic and survival data.

Enhanced Fear Extinction Through Infralimbic Perineuronal Net Digestion: The Modulatory Role of Adolescent Alcohol Exposure.

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized components of the extracellular matrix that play a critical role in learning and memory. In a Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm, degradation of PNNs affects the formation and storage of fear memories. This study examined the impact of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure by vapor inhalation on the expression of PNNs in the adult rat prelimbic (PrL) and infralimbic (IfL) subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex.

Interventions to Improve Health Among Refugees in the United States: A Systematic Review.

Refugees arriving to the U.S. experience a high burden of both communicable and non-communicable diseases.

A systematic review of existing appropriate use criteria in cardiovascular disease from the last 15 years.

Appropriate use criteria (AUC) aim to impact the provision of high-value care. This scoping review identified AUC regarding the procedural and operative treatment of cardiovascular disease and described the evolution of AUC in this space over time, including changes in the focus, strategy, and language of AUC. The summative presentation of these AUC identifies elements of AUC that may lead to successes in, and barriers to, implementation across disease processes, specialties, and societies.

Advantages of automated immunostain analyses for complex membranous immunostains: An exemplar investigating loss of E-cadherin expression in colorectal cancer.

As pathology moves towards digitisation, biomarker profiling through automated image analysis provides potentially objective and time-efficient means of assessment. This study set out to determine how a complex membranous immunostain, E-cadherin, assessed using an automated digital platform fares in comparison to manual evaluation in terms of clinical correlations and prognostication. Tissue microarrays containing 1000 colorectal cancer samples, stained with clinical E-cadherin antibodies were assessed through both manual scoring and automated image analysis.

High-harmonic spin-shearing interferometry for spatially resolved EUV magneto-optical spectroscopy.

We present a method for achieving hyperspectral magnetic imaging in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region based on high-harmonic generation (HHG). By interfering two mutually coherent orthogonally-polarized and laterally-sheared HHG sources, we create an EUV illumination beam with spatially-dependent ellipticity. By placing a magnetic sample in the beamline and sweeping the relative time delay between the two sources, we record a spatially resolved interferogram that is sensitive to the EUV magnetic circular dichroism of the sample.

Predmoter-cross-species prediction of plant promoter and enhancer regions.

Motivation: Identifying -regulatory elements (CREs) is crucial for analyzing gene regulatory networks. Next generation sequencing methods were developed to identify CREs but represent a considerable expenditure for targeted analysis of few genomic loci. Thus, predicting the outputs of these methods would significantly cut costs and time investment.

Sport-Related Concussion in Para Athletes: A Scoping Review of Concussion Incidence, Assessment, and Management.

Although research on sport-related concussion has grown substantially in the last decade, research on concussion in para sports remains limited. The aim of this scoping review is to synthesize and describe the current literature on the incidence, assessment, and management of sport-related concussion in para athletes. The literature search was conducted in CINAHL, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases and identified 22 studies that addressed one of our research questions.

Impact of feedback generation and presentation on self-monitoring behaviors, dietary intake, physical activity, and weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Self-monitoring of dietary intake, physical activity, and weight is a key strategy in behavioral interventions, and some interventions provide self-monitoring feedback to facilitate goal setting and promote engagement. This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether feedback increases intervention effectiveness, and which forms of feedback presentation (e.g.

Transposable elements contribute to the establishment of the glycine shuttle in Brassicaceae species.

C -C intermediate photosynthesis has evolved at least five times convergently in the Brassicaceae, despite this family lacking bona fide C species. The establishment of this carbon concentrating mechanism is known to require a complex suite of ultrastructural modifications, as well as changes in spatial expression patterns, which are both thought to be underpinned by a reconfiguration of existing gene-regulatory networks. However, to date, the mechanisms which underpin the reconfiguration of these gene networks are largely unknown.

Weight management communications in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: challenges and recommendations from the patients' perspective.

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurometabolic condition severely impacting the quality of life of people living with IIH (PwIIH). Most PwIIH are overweight or live with obesity, and weight loss is recommended by healthcare professionals (HCPs) as it is central to disease management. There is currently no research evaluating patient-clinician interactions when discussing weight management in IIH.

Late recurrence in surgically managed pediatric atypical mycobacterial lymphadenitis: A case report and review of the literature.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify existing literature on recurrent atypical mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis to augment our understanding of a unique patient who presented to our tertiary-care center 5-years posttreatment with recurrence following curettage.

Data Sources: OVID Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science.

Methods: A literature search was conducted yielding 49 original articles which were screened twice by two independent reviewers resulting in 14 studies meeting inclusion criteria for data extraction using Covidence software.

Sex differences in outcomes of exercise therapy for patients with intermittent claudication: A scoping review.

Exercise therapy is first-line treatment for intermittent claudication due to peripheral artery disease. We sought to synthesize the literature on sex differences in response to exercise therapy for the treatment of intermittent claudication due to peripheral artery disease. A scoping review was performed (1997 to 2023) using Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Embase, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science.

Effective interactions, structure, and pressure in charge-stabilized colloidal suspensions: Critical assessment of charge renormalization methods.

Charge-stabilized colloidal suspensions display a rich variety of microstructural and thermodynamic properties, which are determined by electro-steric interactions between all ionic species. The large size asymmetry between molecular-scale microions and colloidal macroions allows the microion degrees of freedom to be integrated out, leading to an effective one-component model of microion-dressed colloidal quasi-particles. For highly charged colloids with strong macroion-microion correlations, nonlinear effects can be incorporated into effective interactions by means of charge renormalization methods.

Osmotic swelling behavior of surface-charged ionic microgels.

In recent years, ionic microgels have garnered much attention due to their unique properties, especially their stimulus-sensitive swelling behavior. The tunable response of these soft, permeable, compressible, charged colloidal particles is increasingly attractive for applications in medicine and biotechnologies, such as controlled drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biosensing. The ability to model and predict variation of the osmotic pressure of a single microgel with respect to changes in particle properties and environmental conditions proves vital to such applications.

Modulation of Gut Microbiome as a Therapeutic Modality for Auditory Disorders.

The gut microbiome has been shown to play a pivotal role in health and disease. Recently, there has been increased interest within the auditory community to explore the role of the gut microbiome in the auditory system and its implications for hearing disorders such as sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), otitis media, and tinnitus. Studies have suggested that modulating the gut microbiome using probiotics as well as with diets high in monounsaturated and omega-3 fatty acids is associated with a reduction in inflammation prevalence in auditory disorders.

Weight Management Interventions for Adults With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Practice Recommendations.

Background And Objectives: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is associated with obesity; however, there is a lack of clinical consensus on how to manage weight in IIH. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate weight loss interventions in people with IIH to determine which intervention is superior in terms of weight loss, reduction in intracranial pressure (ICP), benefit to visual and headache outcomes, quality of life, and mental health.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023339569).

Computational performance of musculoskeletal simulation in OpenSim Moco using parallel computing.

Optimal control musculoskeletal simulation is a valuable approach for studying fundamental and clinical aspects of human movement. However, the high computational demand has long presented a substantial challenge, creating a need to improve simulation performance. The OpenSim Moco software package permits musculoskeletal simulation problems to be solved in parallel on multicore processors using the CasADi optimal control library, potentially reducing the computational demand.

Perirhinal to prefrontal circuit in methamphetamine induced recognition memory deficits.

Return to methamphetamine (meth) use is part of an overarching addictive disorder hallmarked by cognitive sequela and cortical dysfunction in individuals who use meth chronically. In rats, long access meth self-administration produces object recognition memory deficits due to drug-induced plasticity within the perirhinal cortex (PRH). PRH projections are numerous and include the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).