Safety and comparative immunogenicity of an HIV-1 DNA vaccine in combination with plasmid interleukin 12 and impact of intramuscular electroporation for delivery.

Background: DNA vaccines have been very poorly immunogenic in humans but have been an effective priming modality in prime-boost regimens. Methods to increase the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines are needed.

Methods: HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) studies 070 and 080 were multicenter, randomized, clinical trials.