Using diagnostic data from veterinary diagnostic laboratories to unravel macroepidemiological aspects of porcine circoviruses 2 and 3 in the United States from 2002-2023.

Porcine circoviruses (PCVs), including porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3), have been associated with clinical syndromes in swine, resulting in significant economic losses. To better understand the epidemiology and clinical relevance of PCV2 and PCV3, this study analyzed a dataset comprising diagnostic data from six veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs) in the United States of America. The data comprised of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results, sample type, and age group for PCV2 and PCV3 submissions from 2002-2023.

Monitoring emerging pathogens using negative nucleic acid test results from endemic pathogens in pig populations: Application to porcine enteric coronaviruses.

This study evaluated the use of endemic enteric coronaviruses polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-negative testing results as an alternative approach to detect the emergence of animal health threats with similar clinical diseases presentation. This retrospective study, conducted in the United States, used PCR-negative testing results from porcine samples tested at six veterinary diagnostic laboratories. As a proof of concept, the database was first searched for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) negative submissions between January 1st, 2010, through April 29th, 2013, when the first porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) case was diagnosed.

A multisectoral approach to developing a state-level foreign animal disease response plan: the Ohio African Swine Fever Response Plan Workshop.

Foreign animal disease (FAD) preparedness is a high priority for state and federal governments to ensure the protection of the nation's livestock industry. Highly contagious diseases such as African swine fever (ASF) have been the focus of recent advancements in FAD preparedness, including the development of disease-specific response plans. At the state level, FAD response plans provide a framework to help ensure a rapid and coordinated response that considers the resources and realities of that state; however, preparing a comprehensive plan requires collaboration across multiple agencies and sectors that can be difficult to operationalize.

Case report: challenges in the diagnosis of adenopathy and extensive skin patch overlying a plasmacytoma syndrome.

Overproduction of a vascular endothelial growth factor secreted by neoplastic cells in some plasma cell neoplasms is postulated to be responsible for the syndrome of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein, and skin changes and the rarer syndrome of adenopathy and extensive skin patch overlying a plasmacytoma. The authors present a case of a 57-year-old man who presented with an erythematous left flank skin patch and subsequent discovery of an underlying 10th rib plasmacytoma with lambda light chain restriction. The tumor was strongly positive for CD31, a marker known to be involved in angiogenesis and cell adhesion.

Epigenetic regulation of metallothionein-i gene expression: differential regulation of methylated and unmethylated promoters by DNA methyltransferases and methyl CpG binding proteins.

Metallothioneins (MTs) are a group of cysteine-rich stress response proteins that scavenge reactive oxygen species and heavy metals. Recently, we have shown that MT-I promoter is methylated and suppressed in some solid and liquid tumors and can be robustly activated following treatment with inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC). Here, we have analyzed MT-I chromatin structure in active, unmethylated (Hepa cells) and in repressed, methylated state (lymphosarcoma cells).

Chromium(VI) down-regulates heavy metal-induced metallothionein gene transcription by modifying transactivation potential of the key transcription factor, metal-responsive transcription factor 1.

The robust induction of metallothionein-I and II (MT-I and MT-II) genes by several heavy metals such as zinc and cadmium requires the specific transcription factor metal-responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF1). Chromium (VI), a major environmental carcinogen, not only failed to activate these genes but also inhibited their induction by Zn2+ or Cd2+. The heavy metal-induced expression of another MTF1 target gene, zinc transporter 1 (ZnT-1), was also down-regulated by Cr6+.