Prolonged Consumption of A2 β-Casein Milk Reduces Symptoms Compared to A1 and A2 β-Casein Milk in Lactose Maldigesters: A Two-Week Adaptation Study.

Approximately 30% of milk protein is β-casein. We aimed to determine whether lactose maldigesters who chronically consumed two cups of A1/A2 milk (containing 75% A1 β-casein and 25% A2 β-casein) would adapt to have fewer intolerance symptoms, lower serum inflammatory markers, and/or altered glutathione levels similar to those consuming A2 milk (containing 100% A2 β-casein). A double-blinded, randomized, crossover trial was conducted.

A Narrative Review of Human Clinical Trials to Improve Lactose Digestion and Tolerance by Feeding Bifidobacteria or Galacto-Oligosacharides.

Supplementation with the probiotic and prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) could improve gut health and benefit lactose intolerant individuals. A narrative review was conducted to identify human clinical trials that evaluated lactose digestion and/or tolerance in response to consumption of , GOS, or both. A total of 152 studies on and GOS or both were published between 1983 and 2022.

Gastric Emptying of New-World Milk Containing A1 and A2 Β-Casein Is More Rapid as Compared to Milk Containing Only A2 Β-Casein in Lactose Maldigesters: A Randomized, Cross-Over Trial Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Lactose maldigesters report an increase in abdominal pain due to the consumption of milk containing a mixture of A1 and A2 β-casein as compared to milk containing only A2 β-casein. Gastric transit affects gastrointestinal symptoms and rapid transit has been associated with an increase in abdominal pain. We conducted a double-blinded, randomized, crossover trial in 10 lactose maldigesters.

Relationships of Intestinal Lactase and the Small Intestinal Microbiome with Symptoms of Lactose Intolerance and Intake in Adults.

Background: Approximately two-thirds of adults are genetically predisposed to decreased lactase activity after weaning, putting them at risk of lactose intolerance. However, symptoms are a poor marker of lactose maldigestion.

Aims: We assessed association between self-reported lactose intolerance and intestinal lactase, lactose intake, and the small intestinal microbiome.

A double-blind, 377-subject randomized study identifies , and as long-term potential key players in the modulation of the gut microbiome of lactose intolerant individuals by galacto-oligosaccharides.

. Our recent publication (Chey et al., Nutrients 2020) showed that a 30-day administration of pure galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) significantly reduced symptoms and altered the fecal microbiome in patients with lactose intolerance (LI).

Milk Containing A2 β-Casein ONLY, as a Single Meal, Causes Fewer Symptoms of Lactose Intolerance than Milk Containing A1 and A2 β-Caseins in Subjects with Lactose Maldigestion and Intolerance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Trial.

Acute-feeding and multiple-day studies have demonstrated that milk containing A2 β-casein only causes fewer symptoms of lactose intolerance (LI) than milk containing both A1 and A2 β-caseins. We conducted a single-meal study to evaluate the gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance of milk containing different concentrations of A1 and A2 β-casein proteins. This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial in 25 LI subjects with maldigestion and an additional eight lactose maldigesters who did not meet the QLCSS criteria.

Perceived neighbourhood food environment and overweight and obesity among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) participants in the Midwest US.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between neighbourhood food environment perceptions and obesity among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) or Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) participants.

Design: A cross-sectional study conducted during SNAP-Ed or EFNEP programme participation in six states in the Midwest US between May 2016 and November 2017.

Setting: Community centres, food pantries and other SNAP-Ed or EFNEP recruitment locations.

Lactose Intolerance: A Concise Review to Skim the Surface.

Lactose intolerance is a common but poorly understood cause of gastrointestinal symptoms. Contrary to popular belief, there is much more to its diagnosis beyond symptoms with exposure and management beyond milk- and dairy-product avoidance. In this article, we review definitions, genetic basis, pathogenesis, clinical signs, as well as diagnostic and management strategies.

Yogurt, cultured fermented milk, and health: a systematic review.

Consumption of yogurt and other fermented products is associated with improved health outcomes. Although dairy consumption is included in most dietary guidelines, there have been few specific recommendations for yogurt and cultured dairy products. A qualitative systematic review was conducted to determine the effect of consumption of fermented milk products on gastrointestinal and cardiovascular health, cancer risk, weight management, diabetes and metabolic health, and bone density using PRISMA guidelines.

Assessing Rural Health Coalitions Using the Public Health Logic Model: A Systematic Review.

Context: Rural communities face unique challenges including fewer healthcare providers and restricted access to nutritious foods, likely leading to poor health outcomes. Community health coalitions are groups of local organizations partnering to address local health needs. Employing such coalitions is one strategy for implementing policy-system-environment changes for improving rural health.

Galacto-Oligosaccharide RP-G28 Improves Multiple Clinical Outcomes in Lactose-Intolerant Patients.

Lactose intolerance (LI) is a global problem affecting more than half of the world's population. An ultra-purified, high-concentration galacto-oligosaccharide, RP-G28, is being developed as a treatment for patients with LI. The efficacy and safety of RP-G28 in reducing symptoms of lactose intolerance were assessed in a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

A mixed-methods evaluation using effectiveness perception surveys, social network analysis, and county-level health statistics: A pilot study of eight rural Indiana community health coalitions.

Community health coalitions (CHCs) are a promising approach for addressing disparities in rural health statistics. However, their effectiveness has been variable, and evaluation methods have been insufficient and inconsistent. Thus, we propose a mixed-methods evaluation framework and discuss pilot study findings.

Gender, Age, Race and Lactose Intolerance: Is There Evidence to Support a Differential Symptom Response? A Scoping Review.

Research evaluating the relationship between lactose intolerance (LI) symptoms and age, gender and race is reviewed. An exhaustive search was conducted on the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. The evidence suggests that women, the elderly or specific racial groups are not more susceptible to LI, but rather dose, body size and genetic differences in lactase non-persistence (LNP) are the primary drivers of intolerance symptoms.

Collaboration Challenges and Opportunities: A Survey of School Foodservice Directors and Community Health Coalition Members.

Background: The Healthy, Huger-Free Kids Act (HHFKA) presents challenges for foodservice directors (FSDs) in sourcing and preparing foods that meet nutrition standards. Concurrently, community health coalition members (CHCs) are engaging schools through community and school nutrition initiatives. We hypothesized significant differences in perceptions between FSDs and CHCs related to implementation of HHFKA such that FSDs would perceive greater foodservice challenges, while CHCs would be more supportive of community nutrition initiatives.

The Purdue Extension and Indiana CTSI's Community Health Partnerships collaboration: An innovative, generalizable, state-wide model to help communities build a culture of health.

The Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute's Community Engagement Partners-Purdue Extension collaborative model demonstrates tremendous potential for creating state-wide programmatic efforts and improvements in both the health culture and status of Indiana residents across the state. It can serve as a prototype not only for others interested in pursuing wide geographic health improvements through Clinical and Translational Sciences Award-Cooperative Extension partnerships but also for broader collaborations among United States Department of Agriculture, National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, state and local health departments, and health foundation efforts to improve population health.

Behavioral Intervention in Adolescents Improves Bone Mass, Yet Lactose Maldigestion Is a Barrier.

Calcium intake during adolescence is important for attainment of peak bone mass. Lactose maldigestion is an autosomal recessive trait, leading to lower calcium intake. The Adequate Calcium Today study aimed to determine if a school-based targeted behavioral intervention over one year could improve calcium intake and bone mass in early adolescent girls.

Poor Dietary Guidelines Compliance among Low-Income Women Eligible for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed).

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) program aims to improve nutritional intakes of low-income individuals (<185% poverty threshold). The objective of this study was to describe the compliance with Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommendations for fruits, vegetables, and whole grains among SNAP-Ed eligible ( = 3142) and ineligible ( = 3168) adult women (19-70 years) nationwide and SNAP-Ed participating women in Indiana ( = 2623), using the NHANES 2007-2012 and Indiana SNAP-Ed survey data, respectively. Sensitivity analysis further stratified women by race/ethnicity and by current SNAP participation (<130% poverty threshold).

Exploring the association of urban or rural county status and environmental, nutrition- and lifestyle-related resources with the efficacy of SNAP-Ed (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education) to improve food security.

Objective: To investigate the association of policy, systems and environmental factors with improvement in household food security among low-income Indiana households with children after a Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) direct nutrition education intervention.

Design: Household food security scores measured by the eighteen-item US Household Food Security Survey Module in a longitudinal randomized and controlled SNAP-Ed intervention study conducted from August 2013 to April 2015 were the response variable. Metrics to quantify environmental factors including classification of urban or rural county status; the number of SNAP-authorized stores, food pantries and recreational facilities; average fair market housing rental price; and natural amenity rank were collected from government websites and data sets covering the years 2012-2016 and used as covariates in mixed multiple linear regression modelling.

Effect of school wellness policies and the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act on food-consumption behaviors of students, 2006-2016: a systematic review.

Federal regulation mandates that the US National School Lunch Program nutrition standards align with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. As students consume a substantial proportion of their nutrition during school lunch, increasing access to healthy foods is proposed to improve student dietary outcomes. The purpose of this review is to assess whether policy changes impacted food-consumption behaviors of students during periods when (1) school wellness policies were implemented (2006-2007); (2) the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act was passed (2010-2012); and (3) the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act was implemented (2012-present).

Sugar Price Supports and Taxation: A Public Health Policy Paradox.

Domestic US sugar production has been protected by government policy for the past 82 years, resulting in elevated domestic prices and an estimated annual (2013) $1.4 billion dollar "tax" on consumers. These elevated prices and the simultaneous federal support for domestic corn production have ensured a strong market for high-fructose corn syrup.

Impact of short-chain galactooligosaccharides on the gut microbiome of lactose-intolerant individuals.

Directed modulation of the colonic bacteria to metabolize lactose effectively is a potentially useful approach to improve lactose digestion and tolerance. A randomized, double-blind, multisite placebo-controlled trial conducted in human subjects demonstrated that administration of a highly purified (>95%) short-chain galactooligosaccharide (GOS), designated "RP-G28," significantly improved clinical outcomes for lactose digestion and tolerance. In these individuals, stool samples were collected pretreatment (day 0), after GOS treatment (day 36), and 30 d after GOS feeding stopped and consumption of dairy products was encouraged (day 66).

Improving Milk Intake in Milk-Averse Lactose Digesters and Maldigesters.

Objective: To determine whether a 21-day milk-drinking intervention could reverse milk aversion.

Design: Participants consumed increasing amounts of cow's milk for 21 days. Milk and dairy consumption, aversion, and likeness were assessed pre- and post-intervention and at 3 and 6 months post-intervention.