Latest developments of generative artificial intelligence and applications in ophthalmology.

The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various fields. In ophthalmology, generative AI has the potential to enhance efficiency, accuracy, personalization and innovation in clinical practice and medical research, through processing data, streamlining medical documentation, facilitating patient-doctor communication, aiding in clinical decision-making, and simulating clinical trials. This review focuses on the development and integration of generative AI models into clinical workflows and scientific research of ophthalmology.

Willingness to pay for cataract surgery in baiyin district, northwestern China.

Purpose: To investigate willingness to pay for cataract surgery, and its associations, in Northwestern China.

Methods: Four hundred thirty-eight persons aged 50 years and above, diagnosed with cataract indicated for surgery, identified in an outreach screening program were included. Subjects were offered a willingness-to-pay interview for the maximal amount that the subjects would be willing to pay for a cataract surgery.

Chronic ocular hypertension in rabbits induced by limbal buckling.

Aim: To establish a rabbit model of chronic ocular hypertension (OHT) by limbal buckling.

Methods: Eighteen New Zealand White rabbits were involved and divided into three groups. A latex encircling band of 20, 25 or 35 mm was implanted behind the limbus in the right eye of each animal.

Prevalence of visual impairment and outcomes of cataract surgery in Chaonan, South China.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment (VI), and report the outcomes of cataract surgery in Chaonan Region, Guangdong Province, southern China.

Design: Cross-sectional population-based survey.

Participants: A total of 3484 participants including 1397 men (40.

Two-Port Pars Plana Anterior and Central Core Vitrectomy (Lam Floaterectomy) in Combination With Phacoemulsification and Intraocular Lens Implantation Under Topical Anesthesia for Patients with Cataract and Significant Floaters: Results of the First 50 Consecutive Cases.

Purpose: To study the safety and efficacy of 2-port pars plana anterior and central core vitrectomy (Lam floaterectomy) in combination with phacoemulsification (phaco) and intraocular lens implantation (IOL) for patients with cataract and significant floaters under topical anesthesia.

Design: Retrospective review of the first 50 consecutive cases.

Methods: A standardized treatment protocol was used for patients with cataract and significant (moderate to severe) floaters (duration > 3 months).

Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Formulas for Highly Myopic Eyes.

Purpose. To evaluate and compare the accuracy of different intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas for eyes with an axial length (AL) greater than 26.00 mm.

RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSIONS, FROM BASICS TO THE LATEST TREATMENT.

Purpose: To review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and updated treatments of retinal vein occlusions (RVOs).

Methods: A review of the literature was performed, focusing on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatments (including both medical and surgical treatments) of RVO. Based on this review, a comprehensive overview was provided regarding the topic of RVO and focused on recent treatment updates.

Intravitreal Injection--Technique and Safety.

Intravitreal (IVT) injection of therapeutic agents has become one of the most commonly performed procedures in ophthalmology. Over the past decade, a number of guidelines have been published that recommend proper techniques to increase the safety of IVT injections. Among the various complications of IVT injections, endophthalmitis can be sight threatening.

A survey of perceived training differences between ophthalmology residents in Hong Kong and China.

Background: To study the differences in ophthalmology resident training between China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR).

Methods: Training programs were selected from among the largest and best-known teaching hospitals. Ophthalmology residents were sent an anonymous 48-item questionnaire by mail.

Small Pupil--Big Problem: A Management Algorithm.

Small pupils pose problems for cataract surgery. The pupil is dilated with topical mydriatic drugs for all cataract surgeries to improve the surgeon's access to, and visualization of, the lens nucleus, cortex, and capsular structures. Limited dilation poses a risk of surgical complications such as iris trauma or tearing of the anterior or posterior capsule.

Changes in retinal oxygen saturation, choroidal thickness, and retinal nerve fibre layer.

Objective: To investigate the changes of retinal oxygen saturation (Sat O2) concentrations, choroidal thickness (CT), and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) in eyes with trabeculectomy-required acute primary angle closure (APAC).

Design: Prospective, longitudinal study.

Participants: Twenty-three eyes with trabeculectomy-required APAC were recruited.

Barriers for poor cataract surgery uptake among patients with operable cataract in a program of outreach screening and low-cost surgery in rural China.

Aims: To identify the reasons for poor uptake of cataract surgery in a program of outreach screening and low-cost surgery in Pucheng County, a rural area in northwestern China.

Methods: Detailed interviews with a semi-structured questionnaire were conducted by telephone or face-to-face for participants who had been advised to attend a low-cost cataract surgery program but did not schedule the surgery within 3 months after the initial screening.

Results: Among 432 eligible subjects, 355 (82.

Frequency doubling technology perimetry for detection of visual field progression in glaucoma: a pointwise linear regression analysis.

Purpose: We compared the detection of visual field progression and its rate of change between standard automated perimetry (SAP) and Matrix frequency doubling technology perimetry (FDTP) in glaucoma.

Methods: We followed prospectively 217 eyes (179 glaucoma and 38 normal eyes) for SAP and FDTP testing at 4-month intervals for ≥36 months. Pointwise linear regression analysis was performed.

Management of Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Pathological Myopia: The Era of Changes.

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to pathological myopia is an important cause of significant visual impairment in young adults. High myopia is particularly prevalent in Asian population. New scientific contributions have been made to the understanding of high myopia and myopic CNV.

Additive effect of aldose reductase Z-4 microsatellite polymorphism and glycaemic control on cataract development in type 2 diabetes.

Aims: To examine the additive effect of the z-4 microsatellite polymorphism of aldose reductase gene (ALR2) and glycaemic control on risk of cataract in a prospective cohort of Chinese type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods: The (CA)n microsatellite polymorphism of ALR2 was determined using PCR followed by capillary gel electrophoresis. Cataract was defined by presence of lens opacity on direct ophthalmoscopy or history of cataract surgery.

Frequency-doubling technology perimetry for detection of the development of visual field defects in glaucoma suspect eyes: a prospective study.

Importance: While standard automated perimetry (SAP) remains the reference standard for evaluation of visual field (VF) defects in glaucoma, this study demonstrates that frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry is effective in monitoring visual field progression and may detect the onset of visual field defects earlier than SAP.

Objectives: To compare detection of the development of VF defects, rate of change of VF loss, and risk factors for progression between SAP and matrix FDT perimetry in glaucoma suspect and ocular hypertensive eyes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A total of 113 glaucoma suspect and ocular hypertensive eyes from 76 patients with normal SAP and FDT perimetry results at baseline were prospectively followed up for SAP and FDT perimetry testing at approximately 4-month intervals for 30 months or longer.

Review of Intermediate Uveitis.

The purpose of this article is to highlight evidence about the medical and surgical management of intermediate uveitis (IU). Updated understandings of the immunopathology of IU were reviewed in this retrospective literature review. Literature selection for this review was based on the PubMed database (National Library of Medicine) and OVID database (Wolters Kluwer).

Impact of age-related change of retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thicknesses on evaluation of glaucoma progression.

Objective: To investigate the impact of age-related change of macular and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements on evaluation of glaucoma progression.

Design: Prospective, longitudinal study.

Participants: A total of 150 eyes of 90 patients with glaucoma and 72 eyes of 40 normal individuals.