Utility of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography for Preoperative Detection and Localization of Parathyroid Adenomas Compared With Surgical Results.

Objectives: To investigate the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for detection of parathyroid adenomas and compare it to those of 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT), which has been established as a reliable, effective tool for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas.

Methods: About 27 patients with suspected parathyroid pathology underwent imaging evaluations with 4DCT and CEUS and 22 patients subsequently underwent surgical resection of parathyroid lesions. 4DCT and CEUS were performed and interpreted by consensus of two expert radiologists with extensive experience in each modality.

A germline mutation of HRPT2/CDC73 (70 G>T) in an adolescent female with parathyroid carcinoma: first case report and a review of the literature.

Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism amongst children, with only nine previously reported cases. The objective of the study was to present the first pediatric case with a germline CDC73 (formerly known as HRPT2) mutation, and to review the literature. A 14-year-old girl presented with pathologic slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE).

Circulating Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Predict Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Extent.

Background: Establishing the preoperative diagnosis and long-term prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) remain challenging in some patients. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are tumor-induced cells mediating immune tolerance that are detectable in the peripheral blood of cancer patients. The authors previously developed a novel clinical assay to detect the phenotypes of two human MDSC subsets in peripheral blood, and hypothesize that higher MDSC levels measured by this assay correlate positively with both malignancy and worse patient outcomes.

Use of Octreotide for the Management of Chyle Fistula Following Neck Dissection.

Importance: Chyle fistula is an uncommon complication of neck surgery. A variety of management strategies have been described, including diet restriction, parenteral nutrition, use of pressure dressings, and revision surgery. Octreotide has been used with success in patients with neck and thoracic chyle fistulas, but data regarding efficacy in neck chyle fistulas are lacking.

Overexpression of EphB4, EphrinB2, and epidermal growth factor receptor in papillary thyroid carcinoma: A pilot study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the differential expression of EphB4, EphrinB2, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) genes in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and evaluate their association with lymph node metastasis.

Methods: EphB4, EphrinB2, and EGFR expression in 21 matched tumors and surrounding normal thyroid tissues were evaluated by complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Results: We noted a statistically significant overexpression of EphB4, EphrinB2, and EGFR in tumor versus normal tissue based on cDNA microarray, Western blot, and IHC analysis.

US-guided fine-needle aspiration of major salivary gland masses and adjacent lymph nodes: accuracy and impact on clinical decision making.

Purpose: To determine whether ultrasonography (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is an effective technique for diagnosing masses in the salivary gland and adjacent lymph nodes.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board waived the requirement to obtain informed consent and approved this HIPAA-compliant retrospective study. Radiology records of 50 patients (28 female patients aged 25-85 years [median age, 58 years], 22 male patients aged 11-82 years [median age, 62 years]) who underwent 52 consecutive US-guided FNA procedures from 2004 to 2009 were reviewed.

Split central venous sampling of parathyroid hormone: an adjunct to surgical exploration.

Background: Minimally invasive parathyroid surgery mandates preoperative localization of the adenoma for a targeted operative approach. This technique uses split internal jugular vein parathyroid hormone (PTH) samples to determine a gradient that then directs the surgical exploration.

Methods: Blood samples were drawn low in the neck from the jugular veins after the neck was opened.

Ossicular discontinuity and exostoses in Proteus syndrome: a case report.

Proteus syndrome (PS) is a rare hamartomatous disorder characterized by mosaic overgrowth of multiple tissues that manifests early in life and is progressive. The presence of unilateral external auditory canal exostoses in a patient who is not a swimmer or surfer is suggestive of PS. However, hearing loss is not a typical feature.