Understanding the history of the late Roman synagogue at Huqoq in Israel's Galilee through radiocarbon dating and observations on site formation.

Galilean-type synagogues are monumental, basilical structures found in northern Israel that have long been dated, mainly on stylistic grounds, to the 2nd - 3rd centuries CE. This chronology is influenced by historical considerations - specifically, the notion that monumental synagogues must have been constructed before Jews came under Christian rule in the early 4th century. However, the stratigraphic contexts of the pottery and coins associated with the foundation of these buildings suggest they represent an architectural innovation dating to the 4th (especially the later 4th) to 6th centuries CE.